Ethics And Governance Essay

It raises the interelated notions of individual rights, fairness, equality and entitlement. The principles vary in numerous dimensions. These issues explore the appropriate distribution of social and economic benefits and related costs. There are five principles included an equal share for each individual, a share according to the needs of each individual, a share according to the efforts of each individual, a share according to the social contribution of each individual and a share according to the merits of each individual. There are three theories of distributive justice included Libertarianism, Utilitarian and Egalitarianism. Libertarianism approach It is a theory that defends unlimited laissez-faire capitalism as the only morally justified regime. Libertarian required for the maximization of freedom and liberty or the minimization of violations in these as long as the corporations don’t harm other’s freedom and not breaking the law. Following Locke, Nozick, the entitlement theory depends on the original acquisition of holding, the legitimate transfer of holdings to/ form others and the illegal acquisition of holdings. Libertarianism is doesn’t consider actual distributing in society. It means that the right of every individual to unlimited utilization of his own person (self-ownership); and the right to unrestricted, or relatively mildly limited, appropriation of external resources without suffering others and fraud from these transactions. In addition, an individual has exclusive right to all the goods that are product of use of his talents and efforts and he has either the right to appropriate all natural resources, which he finds and takes before others. Whether the distribution is just depends solely on how holdings were acquired. Property rights are derived from an individual’s basic moral rights, which take priority over all social or legislative arrangements imposed by society. This theory is interested only in this that the above procedures are satisfied and that nobody has used violence to take some goods from others. Forceful intervention of the state for the sake of helping the poor is not allowed. Therefore, any taxation involves violating of libertarianism and allowing some people to own other people. As my choosing company – PARKnSHOP Supermarket which organized by Hutchison Whampoa Limited, it is affecting environment that stop handing out plastic bags automatically for customers. For libertarian view, they have used the libertarian approach on their corporate actions and the legitimacy of their actions. The customers have their freedom and choice and right to buy something with plastic bag. Everyone kwon that the plastic bag offered by PARKnShop’s which is not good for the environment. However, most of people like to buy something with plastic bag because they have their freedom and self-ownership. For libertarian, it is ethic for PARKnSHOP’s can offer biodegradable bags and do the promotion on use biodegradable bags and involuntary levy on bags to the customers. It is because PARKnSHOP’s is rewarded so long as they are not breaking the law and don’t harm other’s freedom. However, it’s has some arguments against the libertarianism. It is because any taxation and helping environment involves violating of libertarianism. But, it always helping environment and do a lot of community activities such as involvement in the â€Å"Say No to Plastic Bags† campaign. Utilitarian approach Utilitarianism is the ethical doctrine that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility. Following John Stuart Mill, utilitarian approach is a theory that takes as its primary aims the attainment and concern with maximum possible personal happiness of a society as a whole, which should ultimately determine what is just or unjust behavior. This goal is to be achieved in such a way that one first checks what makes every particular individual in a society happy, then sums up all these various wants and preferences, and finally finds out how to satisfy the greatest number of them. John Stuart Mill acknowledged that the society can receive more return from the more efficient laborer and it is just that talented workers can receive the greater remuneration. It is obtain efficient us of the resources if allow people to benefit from labor. A redistribution of resources increases general happiness of a society. However, the arbitrary and great disparity of distinctions and advocate strict equality may cause the unjust behavior and may cause social breakdown. It is because it would have an adverse influence on the working motivation of the able individuals, and thereby on the overall wealth of the society. Therefore, the utilitarian standard is essential for resolving any conflict between rival principles of justice and increases the allover happiness of a society. The main task is to find a balance between factors that point towards equality and those ones that go against it. It seems that the utilitarian view can be found in PARKnSHOP’s. For PARKnSHOP’s, it concerned with the maximization of happiness of society. It’s has providing a lot of jobs opportunity for the people. Also, PARKnSHOP’s are willing to do the supports community programs, which operate at the grassroots level, usually focused on local, global environment-related issues. It’s always giving back to society and help to create a better end and achieved to the utilitarian. However, it is not mean that can justify the ends. It is because the plastic bag of PARKnSHOP’s is a big problem. The research from the Friends of Earth (HK) shows shoppers want a bag whose need to pay 20 cents for each one. If the levy is constrained, they will initiative to reduce plastic use. One of the reasons of this research is because of they have already build up a habit of using plastic bags. They are driving a change with making profit and contributions. It is a big problem and not concerned with the maximization of personal happiness and argues to the Utilitarian View. Egalitarian approach John Rawls explores the egalitarian approach and tries to determine principles of just society with the help of hypothetical contract among members of a society. His hypothetical introduces the notion of an abstract social contract to establish principles of justice. It is supposed by John Rawls that individuals who make this contract primarily care for their self-interest, that they are rational, well informed about human nature and functioning of society, and that they are placed under so called veil of gnorance. They are also assumed to know nothing about those of their characteristics, individual situation and circumstances that might influence impartiality of the decision-making. In egalitarian, that all members of a society should have the equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities. John Rawls addressed that each person h as equal right to the most extensive scheme same basic liberties and defends this notion that every individual would be assured justice as equal treatment for all once the veil of ignorance is removed. In addition, John Rawls addressed that social and economic inequalities are to meet two conditions. The two conditions are economic inequalities are allowed but only if they benefit even the least advantaged individuals and attached to offices and positions open to all under conditions of fair quality of opportunity. The basic social structure, not the transactions between individuals, should establish justice as a cooperative project for the mutual benefit of society, and minimize the socioeconomic consequences or random natural differences between people. For PARKnSHOP’s, the stakeholders of it is included employees, customers, suppliers materials, wholesales, creditors, government and the environment society. It seems that the equalitarianism can be maintained. It’s paid the high taxes. It’s has always been committed to serving the community through involvement in the territories many social services for all stakeholders as well as charity work such as World Wide Fund for Nature. In addition, they are care about the welfare of people and built up the Li Ka Shing Foundation for the people who in hospital, education, construction and support the community activities and benefit people worldwide. It’s help people in need around the world and gives the equal social, political, and economic rights and opportunities for the people. It is the mutual benefit of society, and minimizes the socioeconomic consequences or random natural differences between people. Moreover, It’s gives the equal job opportunity to the minority and women.

Implementing Change Essay

Implementing change among all organizations is necessary to achieve success; within the health care industry change is constant and it is the role of management teams to assess, plan, implement and evaluate change to ensure satisfaction. Considering this among the other aspects of running a successful organization it is essential to ensure that there is minimal resistance and familiarity to change. Demands of the consumers and staff as well as regulations are continuously changing. The responsibility of managers is to successfully lead these inevitable changes. As managers it is a priority to identify issues and potential opportunities. â€Å"Change is often planned to close a discrepancy between the desired and actual state of affairs. Discrepancies may arise because of problems in reaching performance goals or because new goals have been created. Opportunities demand change as much as (or more than) problems do, but they are often overlooked. Be it a problem or an opportunity, it must be identified clearly† (Sullivan, E.J. & Decker, P.J., 2009). A manager should continually strive to assess the strengths and weaknesses of their staff and incorporate these observations into recommended improvements associated with change within the organization. This process could eliminate a great deal of staff resistance by commending their qualities to benefit them as employees and the organization as a whole. Within the health care industry there is constant change. It takes a tremendous amount of awareness, education, and planning from management teams to build and maintain an effective program that is sufficient. A good team will have the ability to recognize potential change in all aspects relating to an organization; medical professionals, patients, structural strength and regulation, and an ongoing list of other aspects. A quality management team can then take these observations and construct a plan to begin the implementation process. Stemming from the planning process comes the implementation phase. It should be considered that there is always room for improvement and take a team of motivated and persistent members to execute a continuous effort to better the quality of health care. A goal that is to be pursued is to always exceed the standard and expectations and always improve the quality of an organization. Strategies such as the power-coercive strategy, normative–reeducative strategies, or the empirical-rational model can assist managers in the implementation process. Also, a continuous quality improvement plan should include a link to key elements of the organization’s strategic plan, quality council made up of the institution’s top leadership, training programs for personnel, mechanisms for selecting improvement opportunities, formation of process improvement teams, staff support for process analysis and redesign, personnel policies that motivate and support staff participation in process improvement, and the most current and rigorous techniques of the scientific method and statistical process control (Sollecito, W. A., & Johnson, J. K., 2013). Once change has been implemented management must then observe and evaluate the benefits and strains the staff and the organization are facing in order to ensure the success of the implemented change. Identifying any resistance or struggles with the implemented change should always be a priority of management to ensure continued success. â€Å"Resistance prevents the unexpected. It forces the change agent to clarify information, keep interest level high, and establish why change is necessary. It draws attention to potential problems and encourages ideas to solve them. Resistance is a stimulant as much as it is a force to be overcome. It may even motivate the group to do better what it is doing now, so that it does not have to change† (Sullivan, E.J. & Decker, P.J., 2009). Initially change can be successful, but in many cases staff could lose motivation or overlook small glitches in the implemented changes. Through things such as incident reporting, generic occurrence screening, consumer and staff complaints and satisfaction surveys, and formal and informal discussion between managers and staff can evaluate and identify final changes to best benefit staff, management, and the organization as a whole. As a management team it is suggested to always be aware of not only individual organization but also occurring changes in organizations across the nation. By staying informed, the organizations and managers can always promise that there is a constant awareness of potential improvement found in all forms of health care across the nation, ensuring that a problem faced or benefit gained at another facility will never be overlooked. Quality can be greatly affected internally within an organization. Considering that internal factors can be monitored and controlled mainly from within, it is considerably easier to manage, though these factors have a much more direct and immediate effect on the organization where the management responsibility lies. Internal contributors that factor into quality outcomes include leadership styles, administrative policies, and organizational culture. These factors, if not performed to standard or with minimal empathy can cause stress among staff indirectly affecting the consumers. An unpleasant environment may lead to a low morale and dissatisfaction throughout the organization. (Suchman, A., 2001) Above all, management and staff must always have an open mind and an open heart concerning the consumers and the overall benefit of the organizations. Providing services and actually caring for staff are what sets apart the common from the exceptional manager and management team. By implementing these change processes will do just that. The constant change in the healthcare industry defines the role of management teams to assess, plan, implement and evaluate change to ensure satisfaction. Considering this among the other aspects of running a successful organization it is essential to ensure that there is minimal resistance and familiarity to change. â€Å"The capacities to do the redesign work, and to accept the results of the redesign, are perhaps the most important capability an organization can have and value† (Lagace, Martha, 2009). Demands of the consumers and staff as well as regulations are continuously changing. As successful managers it is essential to confidently lead the staff through inevitable change to ensure organizational success. Reference: Lagace, Martha (2009). Management’s Role in Reforming Healthcare. Retrieved from: http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/6202.html Sollecito, W. A., & Johnson, J. K. (2013). McLaughlin and Kaluzny’s Continuous Quality Improvement in Health Care (4th ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Suchman, A. (2001). National Library of Medicine. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1071231/ Sullivan, E.J. & Decker, P.J. (2009). Effective leadership and management in nursing. (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall. Additional Comments: The paper—including tables and graphs, headings, title page, and reference page—is consistent with APA formatting guidelines and meets course-level requirements. Intellectual property is recognized with in-text citations and a reference page. Rules of grammar, usage, and punctuation are followed; spelling is correct. The paper does not make effective use of section headings. Total Available Total Earned 20 13.8

Financial Markets and Instruments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Financial Markets and Instruments - Essay Example ovides a liquid secondary market for illiquid assets like home mortgages and financial debt instruments, increases credit availability and offers low credit costs through low financing costs. Regulation has also played a role in the resurgence of securitization. With regulations that require stronger capital and liquidity positions for financial companies in the US, the consumer has been protected from the malpractices of investment bankers (Gaschler, 668). These regulations have led to consumer confidence and in turn led to the resurgence of securitization. Credit enhancement is a strategy used by companies to either improve the terms of their outstanding debt or credit worthiness, or both. Through credit enhancement, the credit worthiness of a borrower is increased while the lender is given reassurance that there will be no default. Investment banks have made use of both internal and external credit enhancement strategies to boost securitization (Powell and Rogers, 77). External credit enhancement can be done through letter of credit, wrapped securities, cash collateral account and surety bonds while internal credit rating can be done through excess spread, over collateralization, reserve account and credit

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 76

Essay Example The ordinary citizens were not happy about the act which led to writings that were aimed at reminding the leaders that it was time they rose on their feet and advocate for better ways of governance (kovaly 59). Winston Churchill, after being awarded an honorary degree he read his speech which targeted at enlightening the people on the impact of the Soviet Union; division of countries were realised (Churchill 1). Songs were sung urging the leaders to feel the cry of the people. Bob Dylan in his song, â€Å"Blowing in the wind† which was released in 1963 was seen as a protest song against the cold war which the United States and the Russia countries were constantly involved in. He reminded the leaders of the cries of the citizens. The song â€Å"Surfin USA† released by Beach Boys in 1963 signified the amount of suffering the people had undergone, they feeling of taking summer holiday out of America by surfing through the ocean was the message being passed. The movie â€Å"Europa Europa† was based on a boy who survived attacks when his family was battle which led to his sister’s death. The movie was aimed at passing the message on the way the people were suffering. To make citizens understand why united States of America forces were taking part in the war, a film was produced (United States War Department). Modernisation was fought for by many women who were not allowed to be like their male counterparts. During the first world war when their men had to defend their country’s territory, women were left at home, they took care of the kids, did all the domestic duties and other odd jobs so that they could be in a position to support their families. Women learnt to be independent which led to the need for glamour. The youthful women were seen venturing into music and other bold activities which were prohibited, their boldness earned them the name flapper. Artistic expressions were

How disasters have an effect on the world at large Essay

How disasters have an effect on the world at large - Essay Example These disasters regardless of how small they may be, also affect adversely both the states’ and people’s economic statuses. Since, their destructive power normally extends to people’s investments besides residential properties, hence impoverishing natives (Donald & Hyndman 97). This is because, in their regions, there may be inadequate facilities meant to compensate them to rebound to their former lives (Donald & Hyndman 99). This is apparent in developing states, where after any disaster’s occurrence; the affected victims do not get any aid meant to regain their former statuses economically. Studies contend that, some of the disasters interfere with ecosystems’ array. This is evident with aquatic life where some species on sensing threats in their environments migrate to other regions. Hence, desert their regions, whereby they create imbalance and head to other environments that may be not conducive for their survival. Consequently, this yields to some species’ extinction because they do not possess the necessary mechanisms meant to survive in their new surroundings. Besides, they also affect climatic patterns that in turn affect humanity severely (Donald & Hyndman 291). Presently, world authorities are mobilizing resources to curb global warming that has emanated from natural disasters besides humanity’s activities contribution to the same. These encompass natural disasters like volcano eruptions, which emit obnoxious gases like HFSs and Cl, which destroy the ozone layer (Donald & Hyndman 196). This affects global climatic patterns besides leading to certain diseases that result from excess exposure to sunlight, for illustration, skin

Student Performance in College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Student Performance in College - Essay Example Most people who were successful in high school will continue this trend into college; however this is not always the case. On the other hand, if a person was unsuccessful and failed in high school, there is a greater chance that person will display the same qualities and not succeed in a college setting. If a person is unable to manage time, study, and do well in a high school setting, it will be even harder for them too adapt to a much looser idea of college, and to succeed at that level. Another factor that influences how well a person will do in college is the background they come from. At the sake of stereotyping, a person who came from a better school and a better at home life will have a better chance of doing well in college. If a person always suffered from living in sub-par conditions and had problems at home, they may find the transition to being alone in a college a difficult one, and may find it hard to succeed. Also, if a person was "kept in a bubble" so to speak at home, or was very sheltered, they may find that they break out of this bubble at college. If this person succeeded previous to this, even in high school, once they find themselves without rules and supervision they may experience a huge outbreak of bad behaviors, and descend down a slippery slope of bad decisions. This is all due to never having exposure to those types of situations before, and this can happen to many people who were sheltered throughout their high school careers. Another factor to consider when thinking about how well a person will do in college is how the person works with other people. Some people may be great at school, but may have a hard time working with other people. In a college setting, there are many chances where you might not have a choice who you work with, and you may have to quickly learn how to work with someone you may not want to. If someone is not apt to work well with other people, they may find adjusting to this new harsh reality of college life frustrating, and may find it difficult to achieve well in this setting. Other people who may find it difficult to be successful in college are people who had previous bad behaviors, such as partying or drugs. People who fell into these bad habits in high school, or even earlier, may find an ever wider exposure to partying and bad decision making in college. Now trying to be cool and fit in with another group of people, these kids may commit more serious crimes and make even worse decisions that could possibly cost them their admissions into college, or even get them expelled from the college if they somehow are admitted. Teenagers who have these bad behaviors previous to college are likely to continue them, and may find it hard with more of those bad opportunities surrounding them in college to be able to achieve their true potential. Students who participated in a lot of extra activities in high school may also find the transition to college a difficult one. They may find that they cannot keep up with all the activities they did in high school, and that they may have to pick some of these to do well in college. Hopefully they will learn this sooner better than later, and can adjust and still be successful in a college setting. In conclusion, there are a myriad of reasons a student could be unsuccessful in college, but any student who is willing to work hard, put in the effort and time, and be willing to make

Academic Honesty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Academic Honesty - Essay Example Many students want to strive for the degree but they have difficulty maintaining academic honesty because of many factors. Many students must balance home, school and work. Others are taking too many course hours at one time. Still others have a lack of understanding as to how to do the work they are required to do. Many students are too intimidated by their instructors to ask questions or they do not know the questions to ask. All of these factors can stop a student from having the highest academic honesty possible. The question is, "Why is academic honesty important?" Most people would say that the reason has to do with a students ethics. Taylor-Mendes (n.d.) states that "Academic honesty is about protecting and preserving the reputation of your university degree and your personal integrity." (p. 1). Higher education and society benefit when colleges and universities have standards of integrity that provide the foundation for a vibrant academic life, promote scientific progress, and prepare students for responsible citizenship. (p. 5). Both authors state that it is important for students to be honest in their dealings in college because it helps them to become better citizens. The challenge for students who cheat is that if they are caught, it can ruin their chances of passing a class or of getting their degree. If they cheat on a job application and say they won the degree, they can be fired for falsifying the application at a later date. Values are another area that is being talked about when discussing academic honesty. As an example, Keohane points out that there are five values that universities should promote: "honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility" (p. 5). When these values are examined it may be said that some people have them, in some people they can be cultivated and some people do not care about them. In

Assess the concept of cosmopolitan democracy Essay

Assess the concept of cosmopolitan democracy - Essay Example Later on, other important issues such as global environmental problems, global justice system, crimes against humanity and economic and cultural globalisation added to the global peace concern. The concept of cosmopolitan democracy was supposed to resolve or at least alleviate these global problems. The main idea of cosmopolitan democracy is to design and implement "a system of governance arising from and adapting to the diverse conditions and interconnections between different peoples and nations" (Held, 1998: 25). David Held and Daniele Archibugi, the most renowned European theorists of cosmopolitan democracy, argue that although democracy has gained universal acclaim as the best form of political establishment after fall of the Iron Curtail and end of the Cold War, it influences only domestic level, while the realm of international relations remains practically unaffected by democratic processes. International institutions, including the United Nations organization and European Union do not care much about democratisation of their activities which results in lack of accountability and restricted public access to information. The risk is that if this tendency remains, democratic forms of governance will give up to authoritarianism (McGrew, 2002). Cosmopolitanism offers an alternative that helps effectively fi... Democracy is to be conceptualized as a process, rather than as a set of norms and procedures. A feuding system of states hampers democracy within states. Democracy within states favours peace, but does not necessarily produce a virtuous foreign policy. Global democracy is not just the achievement of democracy within each state. Globalization erodes states' political autonomy and thereby curtails the efficacy of state-based democracy. The stakeholders' communities in a relevant and growing number of specific issues do not necessarily coincide with states' territorial borders. Globalization engenders new social movements engaged with issues that affect other individuals and communities, even when these are geographically and culturally very distant from their own political community (Archibugi, 2004: 439). These assumptions suggest that contemporary form of national democracy must be seriously transformed in order to survive. Firstly, the sovereignty of the nation states must be restricted by increasing numbers of international treaties and conventions. Secondly, the existing international governing structures must be reformed to provide a better opportunity for international dialogue and democratic decision-making. Thus, Derk Bienen, another known theorist of cosmopolitan democracy, claims that in order to achieve these goals the UN must establish a second chamber consisting of members elected directly by people, the veto-right of the Security Council should be limited, and the system of international courts has to be strengthened and reformed in a way to provide better protection for individuals. Initially, the UN was founded not as an assembly of democratic states: the primary purpose of this organization was to prevent military conflicts similar to WWII.

The City Of Greensburg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The City Of Greensburg - Essay Example The present evacuation program by the Department of Emergency Department seemingly fails to recognize the presence of the vulnerable population especially those who are disabled or those who are suffering from chronic illnesses. It is important to note that the City Council has made sure that all public buildings are easily accessible by the disabled people and even homes where there is a disabled person are advised to ensure that the home allows for easy movement of the disabled person. This is a great way enables the easy evacuation of disabled people or people suffering from chronic illnesses that impair their movement, in case a disaster occurs.Intensive care units in health care facilities normally cater for vulnerable patients of which some of them depend on life support machines that are powered by electricity and therefore, in case of a power blackout there are likely to die. However, healthcare facilities not only in the City of Greensburg but also in most parts of the count ry have a power back up or generators that will power-on immediately there is a power blackout and hence, ensuring that vulnerable patients are not affected. Nevertheless, in case of a disaster, the generators may even fail to provide power and patients will be transferred to other health care facilities where there is electricity. The evacuation of patients from facilities that have been affected by a disaster to safer facilities. If the severity of the disaster is not high to an extent that roads are inaccessible.

Community Assessment Essay Example for Free

Community Assessment Essay A community assessment gives emphasis on evaluating agencies, community members and systems so as to learn more about circumstances within such community. The goal of community assessment is to gather pertinent information from a personal walk or drive through the community, from different people and groups within the community as well. This paper will focus on a community in the state of New Jersey called Parsippany Troy Hills aka Troy Hill Parsippany, Parsippany. The goal of this paper is to assess the Parsippany Troy Hills community and the assessment will focus on aspects of the community including health and safety. Parsippany Troy Hills lies in the Newark piedmont basin in a county called Morris county. The community was first formed by European settlers in the 18th century which before was occupied by Native Americans. The name Parsippany came from a Native American word â€Å"parispanong†, which means â€Å"the place where the river winds through the valley. Parsippany-Troy Hills township is located at 40 °51†²35†³N 74 °25†²24†³W40.859636 °N 74.423348 °W (40.859636,-74.423348). According to the United States Census Bureau, the township had a total area of 25.394 square miles (65.771 km2), of which, 23.563 square miles (61.029 km2) of it is land of which is covered with city streets, restaurants, parks, shopping centers, schools, houses that range from old and condemned to new and expensive and 1.831 square miles (4.742 km2) of it (7.21%) is water. As of 2010, the population of the community was 53,238 reflecting an increase of 2,589 from the 50,649 counted in the year 2000 census which had in turn increased by 2,171 from 48,478 counted in the 1990 census. As of the year 2000 which marked the total population mentioned above, 19,624 households and 13,167 families were residing in the community. The population density was 2,115 people per square mile. There were also 20,066 housing units with the density of about 838.1 per square mile. The Township usually has a humid climate with cold winters and very warm hot summers. It is usually cooler compared to other communities in the state of New Jersey at night and early in the morning with record lowest temperature recorded at -29 Í ¦ F and record high of 104 Í ¦ F. The township of Parsippany has everything a community needs to survive so most people do not even travel outside the community. Most of the businesses in the community are independently owned and run by the members of the community. Troy hills have been a very quiet and peaceful community according to community members apart from the issue of domestic violence among a focused group in the community. My overall impression about the community is a positive one because my family owns a house there and I visit there often and from my experience, it is very peaceful and quiet compared to my other community in New York. Most people have lived in the community for years without travelling outside their township. When I asked some â€Å"why†, the response I got was there is everything in Parsippany so why go outside the community to get something. There is pretty much every store and restaurant that one can think of in the township, lining up along the towns major street (route 46). Driving along route 46 I came across supermarkets like Shoprite, Wall mart, Costco, Bravo and a couple of other small supermarket s. There is also a long stretch of department stores like TJ max, marshals, Sims, Burlington coat factory and many others. There is also a mall (Morris Hills Mall) which is 10 minutes drive that has other shops like clothing stores, and movie theaters. Also along route 46 and Beverwyck road which are the 2 main roads of the community, I came across some Laundromat’s and dry cleaners where some members of the community do their laundry. There weren’t many people in these Laundromat’s because most people in the community own washers and dryers in their homes so they do their laundry at their homes which I think was very good because it prevents overcrowding in the Laundromats. I also came across some beauty salons and barber shops in the community where some people were getting their hair cut and done and others were getting their nails and feet done (manicure and pedicure). Parsippany also has multiple parks where people go exercise, play sports, host picnics and barbeques and also hung out. At one of the parks that I visited, I saw a group of Indian residents playing volley ball and another mixed race group of blacks, Latino and Chinese young adults playing basket ball which I joined to play with them. There were other people also exercising, some running others doing push and pull ups. Parsippany also has a lot of organizations whose leaders are stakeholders in the community. Most of these organizations are there to offer help and support to community members in need. Three out of the many organizations that really gained my interest were the Women’s Club of Troy hills, Puzzle Pieces – A divorce and separated support group and the Panic and Anxiety club. I became very interested in these three organizations because they hosted a joint meeting at the united Methodist Church which is located at 903 S Beverwyck road, to talk about issues on domestic violence. I found it very shocking that host of the leaders and members were actual victims of domestic violence. I had the opportunity to attend that joint meeting and was very shocking to hear some of the stuff these women actually go through. They were very supportive of each other. In terms of religion, Roman Catholicism is the largest faith followed by Anglican Church and other Christian faiths including Baptist, Church of God and Pentecostal. Other religions include Islam, Hinduism, Jewish, Buddhism, and some Eastern religions. The community has incorporated all these different faiths and has helped provide places of worship for these various religious groups. When it comes to the issue on transportation, the main means to get around is by driving so therefore most residents own a car. The community also has a free transit system for residents which operates Monday to Friday from 9am to 4pm. Two buses run on the hour starting from the main shopping center (Morris Hills Mall) to Brookside senior center. The buses run both East and West routes respectively. Troy Hills Parsippany host educational facilities starting from elementary level to college level. These are some of the schools I came across in the community: Troy Hills elementary school, Rockaway Meadow elementary school, North Vail elementary school, Mt Tabor elementary school, Mt Tabor elementary school, Lake Parsippany elementary school, Littleton elementary school, Knollwood elementary school, Lake Hiawatha elementary school, Intervale elementary school, Central middle school, Brook lawn middle school, Parsippany High school, Parsippany Hills high school and Morris County Community college. Also the community has an adult learning center which provides adult and community. In Parsippany, health authorities see to it that they provide quality service to ensure quality life among the residents. Parsippany benefits from an extensive medical area, world class medical institutions and research facilities. The objective of Parsippany healthcare system is to ensure the health of its residents. Parsippany public health system conducts different programs and activities to integrate relevant health indicators. Parsippany has two major healthcare facilities which are the Hillside Medical center and the Morris Town medical center. Hillside medical center provides great care in cardiac services that includes heart stat, an interactive heart center and arrhythmia treatment center. They also have an emergency department that handles level 2 trauma cases. The Morris town medical center is a facility that provides urgent care, workers compensation and a board range of occupational health and preventative services. They also specialize in burns, wound healing, animal bites and dermatological problems. The community also has other healthcare centers which focus on specific areas of health. I came across health centers like Immediate Care Psychiatric Center and Greystone Park psychiatric center which focuses only on issues related to mental health. The community also has agencies both private and government run who provides care for the elderly and sick in home settings and nursing homes. As mentioned earlier, the community covers about 29.394 square miles of city streets, shopping centers, parks, schools, healthcare facilities and houses. Parsippany is a unique area because of the diversity of land usage. Most of the houses have large yards and are neatly kept by landscaping companies. Going west, the houses reduce in size but still appear well kept. In the northwest area which is along route 46, the houses turn into stores and fast food restaurants. Almost every street I came across or drove on in the community was tarred and the sidewalks were neat and well maintained. Sanitation in the community was a big problem 5 years back according to one local resident due to the increase in restaurants along N Beverwyck road which is occupied mostly by the Indian population in the community. According to a resident who lives among the Indian population, â€Å"there has been a rapid increase of the Indian population which led to increase in businesses being opened, most of which are restaurants†. This led to increase in roaches and rats around that vicinity due to left over foods form the restaurant not being properly disposed and less garbage pickups. The usual trash pickup in the community used to be twice a week (Mondays and Fridays). This problem was brought to the mayors (Mayor Barberio) office and a meeting was conducted with restaurant owners and policy makers which led to a decision being made to increase pickups. The community was the divided into 6 districts and a schedule for pickup was developed. The schedule changes month to month. Below is the actual schedule for garbage pickup for the month of December; The Parsippany police department is a civic service organization consisting of over 100 sworn in police officers. The department is divided into four main divisions: Patrol, investigative, support services and professional standards. Each division is led by a captain and supported by the following chain of commands: lieutenants, sergeants, patrol officers and civilian personnel. According to one police officer I spoke to, most calls the department receives were linked to domestic violence which he mentioned is high among the Indian population in the community. The Parsippany fire department is also working 24/7 to protect the lives and properties of the people of Parsippany and surrounding communities as well. The primary responsibility of the Fire Prevention Bureau is to enforce the New Jersey State Fire Code, ensuring that the residents and firefighters of Parsippany are given the proper level of protection. The Bureau, through public education, code enforcement and emergency respo nse, provides the public with protection of life property and the environment. Troy Hills Parsippany is a multiracial and very cosmopolitan in many ways. The racial makeup of the community is about 74% white, 4% African Americans, 0.5% Native Americans, 18% Asians (mostly Indians), 2% pacific Islanders and about 3% Hispanic. Herein English is the official and most common language and other languages spoken include Hindi, Bengali, Chinese, Spanish, French and Akan. The most people I men in the community were adults between the ages of 22 to about 45. I also met some teenagers who were between the ages of 13 to 18 and also children ages 3 to about 8.Most of these people were among the group of people I met on the playground. I walked to one of the community’s playgrounds and I met a large group of adults (mostly Indians) playing volley ball. I also saw a group of African American and Hispanic teenagers and adults playing basket ball which I joined to play with them. In Parsippany the difference in economic status lies in a wide range of educational levels income and occupation. About 68% of the population is employed with about 2 1,000 males and 12,000 females holding some form of employment status. The most popular profession if the community is in management of professional occupations. Second largest career field is in sales and secretarial work. Other occupations include maintenance, healthcare, transportation e.t.c. The median household income is about $107,144. According to the residents, living in the community makes them feel safe and secure. In addition to the financial stability of the community, the residents are enjoying a state of the art with regards to their healthcare facility needs. Each service offered is given efficiently and responsible healthcare workers see to it that patients or healthcare seekers are satisfied with service offered. According to one senior citizen I came across, living here has given him the security when it comes to assuring health and quality living. Most of the local business owners (restaurant owners) were also happy with living in the community because business is good as most of the m responded due to the increase in the population a long the location of their businesses. Troy Hills Parsippany offers numerous service organizations in the community. Mew Directions in an organizations that helps with providing housing and career developments for the unemployed and needy to find jobs whiles Partners in placement another organization helps everyone over 18 years in finding employment. The Upper room Empowerment helps senior citizens with low income, nursing home residents and orphanage children by providing financial assistance, food and clothing. The Parsippany Troy hills women’s club offers assistance to women in the community especially victims of domestic violence or abusive relationships. Puzzle Pieces – A divorce/ separated support group also helps people faced with divorce and separations in their marriages who were mostly victims of abusive relationships. Other organizations consist of Lifeblood, Lupus foundation of America, National alliance of the mentally ill (NAMI), YMCA and YWCA. Not only are these service organizations but most of these organizations are also allowing community volunteer. For example, vo lunteers can be counselors to help guide the YMCA and YWCA, The Upper room for Empowerment and the New Directions. These organizations bring to the attention issues in the community and make change by involving the community. One organization that has a large impact not only on the Parsippany community but communities all over is Lifeblood. Lifeblood is a nonprofit blood center with objectives to reduce dependency on paid donors, establish a pre deposit blood assurance program, work toward a more even flow of donations and develop roster of donors with rare types of blood. The two main healthcare facilities which are The Hillside Medical center and Morristown Medical center are being operated by the state government. So is the Graystone park Psychiatric center. There are also a large variety of privately owned and operated clinics and agencies that also provide care for the community. The Song Medical clinic owned and run by an Asian physician Dr Song who also is a resident of Troy hills. The mobile diagnostic testing of NJ LLC is also a private organization whose main focus is diagnostic testing . There is also a private rehabilitation center called the Morris rehabilitation and physical therapy center which specializes in chiropractic, physical, speech and occupational therapy, automobile accident care. They also provide treatments for lower back pain, neck pain, headaches, motor vehicle accident injuries, sports related injuries etc. The Morris Pediatric Care LLC is another healthcare agency found in the community which is committed to providing excellent medical care for infants, children and adolescents. This healthcare facility is privately owned and run by Dr Aradhana Rajkumar. The facility although is privately run, has affiliations with other hospitals. There are also homecare agencies that help provide assisted living and total care for older adults both in nursing homes and patient homes. Some of these agencies are A Place for mom and dad, Synergy home care, Brookside senior center, Cheshire home etc. There is also a door to door and fixed route transportation offered by the Morris area paratransit system (MAPS) to senior citizens and the sick for them to go up and down, to doctor’s appointments and so on. There is also Access a Link transportation system offered by the NJ transit which operates in the same manner. Being able to live in a community which is considered to be a quality and stable community not only in the state if NJ but the country as a whole is a great honor for its members. With great healthcare system which sees to it that the community members and neighboring communities receive quality care. Even though the residents are happy in their community, there is one big problem which causes a strain on the community and that is the rise in domestic violence among a specific focused group which happens to be the Indian population in the community. Domestic violence in short has been part and fabric of many societies and culture worldwide. It is so commonplace, in fact, that is has often gone unnoticed and failed to receive the level of attention it deserves in light of the devastating effects it can have on children and families. It is normally hard to get a clear picture when it comes to issues on domestic violence since most cases go unreported in the community with common reason relating to issues like immigration status and cultural beliefs. According to the Parsippany police department, the number one crime in the community is domestic violence. Between 06/12/0212 and 10/28/2012 there has been 12 reported cases leading to three deaths which were linked to domestic violence. Domestic violence is rising so rapidly to the extent that the next lines of businesses are law firms focusing on cases of domestic violence. Just by walking through the community, I came across about 15 different law firms with their banners stating almost the same thing â€Å"We specialize in domestic violence and abuse cases†. Most of the cases in the community have to do with physical forms of abuse but domestic violence in general can be psychological, emotional and sexual as well. As a nurse in this community, working with victims of domestic violence to resolve and eradicate this strain will be my number one priority and this can be done using the different levels of population health care (primary, secondary and tertiary prevention) and health promotion. Primary Prevention: The goal of primary prevention is to intervene before domestic violence occurs by removing the cause and preventing the development of risk factors. This is mostly done through teaching. My main focus will be introducing the Indian population in the community to new thinking processes, coping mechanisms (since stress is a causative factor), and relationship skills that does not incorporate violence and that’s will promote healthy non violent, trust and supportive growth of relationships. Also using the media and hosting forums in schools, churches and community centers to create awareness and the effects of domestic violence and also to show community how to respond to domestic violence situation if they should face it. Secondary Prevention: This level of prevention is very beneficial because as a nurse in the community I would arrange home visitations high risk families and provide support for family members identified as being at high risk of preparing or becoming victims of domestic violence. Also offering crisis support and individual counseling to individuals exposed. Also identifying exposed individuals at earliest possible level and providing appropriate services essential. Provision of services for children exposed to domestic violence, including age-appropriate counseling, supportive services, and services for the nonabusing parent that support that parents role as a caregiver, which may, as appropriate, include services that work with the non-abusing parent and child together. Also providing assistance in developing safety plans, and supporting efforts of victims of domestic violence, to make decisions related to their ongoing safety and well-being is very essential. Tertiary Prevention: At this level, special services will be offered for those identified with domestic violence example home visitations with abuse victims and their children, and also providing temporary housing for victims and protection orders against abuser because they need some time off from tho se abusive relationships to heal emotionally. Children who bear witness to domestic violence often show emotional and behavioral problems and it is my responsibility as a community nurse to provide mental health services to address underlying trauma. Also involving the community is very relevant to addressing issues on domestic violence. Intensive police, court and community collaboration to address situations on domestic violence is very beneficial. Also referring victims to support groups in the community such as the Women’s Club Troy Hills, Puzzle pieces and The Panic and Anxiety groups which provides support for domestic violence victims. I strongly believe that with these measures in place, domestic violence which it the biggest strain of the people of Troy Hills Parsippany will be a thing of the past just like the sanitation issues on the community has become.

Business Strategy Affecting Information Systems And Organizational Decisions Commerce Essay

Business Strategy Affecting Information Systems And Organizational Decisions Commerce Essay A strategy can be defined as a plan. A business strategy can be defined as an explicit description of the strategic destination of a business in terms of what it targets to achieve, as well as the road map of getting to that place or operational status quo. Such a strategy is the means through which an enterprise communicates its vision, mission statement and set objectives. In response to various market forces such as demand and supply, the managers of a company devise this business strategy. To achieve set organizational goals, managers make various decisions which are key to the optimization of processes and resources. Such decisions include financing decisions; investment decisions; operational decisions among others. Hence the need for any organizations information systems to offer the best decision making support to management. An information system is an organized combination of interrelated components which are people resources; computer software and hardware resources and in frastructure which operate within set boundaries to achieve a common goal. There is strong link between a business strategy and the IS (Information System) strategy as well as the organizational strategy of any business. Prosperous business entities come up with an overruling business strategy which dictates the complementary IS and organizational strategy to be employed. The relationship between these three strategies is called the Information Systems Strategy Triangle. According to the Information System Strategy Triangle, understanding business strategy means providing answers to the questions listed below: 1. What is the business goal or objective? 2. What is the plan for achieving it? What is the role of IS in this plan? 3. Who are the crucial competitors and co-operators, and what is required of a successful player in this value net? ( Adapted from Stephanie Overby, Found to Fail CIO Magazine, May 1, 2005, pp. 49-54). Managements decisions about the organizational structure, staffing issues and other elements of the organizational strategy and decisions regarding IS components such as hardware and software applications are all dependent on the type of strategy which a business adopts and pursues. There is therefore the need to balance these three strategies though organizational design which positions the IS and organizational strategies as complements of the business strategy. As such, the business strategy affects the information systems and organizational strategy of a company in that any changes in a firms business environment not only necessitate business process re-engineering or rethinking the business strategy of giants such as Roche, but revamping the IS infrastructure as well. Where a firm designs its business strategy to use IS to gain a competitive advantage, constant innovation in IS becomes necessary (Stephanie Overby, Found to Fail CIO Magazine, May 1, 2005, pp. 49-54) Resultantly, the three strategies must be constantly reassessed. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ QUESTION 2 : What generic strategy does Roche appear to be using based on this case? Provide a rationale for your response. Roche mainly employs the Innovation strategy through the use of IT, driving change in organizational culture and the consequent change in business processes. Firstly the innovation strategy is evident in that the organization has had to embrace and organizational revolution to accommodate the technological revolution. The shift in approach in Research and Development Roche moves towards a system which encourages a warmer style of teamwork as opposed to the ultra competitive culture in which scientists fought for scarce resources and did not encourage flow of information. In the new system, the preferred team members are young, ambitious researchers with the agility to handle change. Klaus Lindpaintner, Roches worldwide head of genetics research says A young researcher can be fully up to speed with the most modern stuff and be less distracted by all of the other things that 50 year-olds focus on. In addition, there is increased interaction between researcher from different background s or technical expertise for example biologists and statisticians collaborating on how to use data from a Genechip experiment. Secondly, as Roches business strategy has resulted in the generation of large amounts for data which need to be screened and processed, the innovation strategy is seen in the information technology that the company employs to deal with this flood of data, for example the Zeiss machine which is used to increase efficiency and speed in the screening of potential drugs, shortening the time it takes to get the product on the market. Innovation is also demonstrated in the way Roches computer services experts had to devise a way to use computer capacity effectively, for the storage of raw data and experiments. Roche has quite evidently begun a form of Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) as a response to the new breakthroughs in medical research. The beginning of research cycle has changed and has more possibilities, as a result the processes that follow have to upgraded to handle the increased volume of information, as a result Roches business will be completely remodelled over time. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. QUESTION 3: Apply the hyper-competition model to Roche. Which of the 7 Ss are demonstrated in this case? The hyper-competition models chief proponent is Richard DAveni, the professor of business strategy at the Amos Tuck School at Dartmouth College. Mr. Daveni believes that business can no longer be business as usual due to shifting market rules which render it impossible, in an extended time frame, to sustain a companys competitive advantage. The world over, the business environment has slid into a status of hyper-competition where survival for any business goes beyond issues to do with maximizing profits. To ensure that a business continues and survives there is a need for business entities is to focus strategic energies on toppling the market leader by eliminating their present competitive advantage. This new paradigm comes in the wake of four main contributors to the new age of hyper-competition, which are adjusted consumer preferences and the resultant changes in product and service demand; constant upgrades; research and development in the field of information technology; world globalization which merge all nations into one global market thus nullifying geographical and industry divides, and deep pockets among competitors (Daveni). Due to the impact of the four forces listed above, there is need to devise new ways of upsetting the market. Mr. DAveni came up with a new set of rules key in this new era of hyper-competition, and labeled these simultaneous or sequential strategic thrusts , strategic soothsaying, surprise, speed signals, shifting the rules and stakeholder satisfaction. Ground breaking developments in human genomics as well as molecular biology in the Pharmaceuticals industry sparked the need for Roche to adopt Davenis new set of rules to stay afloat in the world of hyper-competition. The following are the Ss which are demonstrated in the case study for Roche Group. 3.1 SOOTHSAYING, i.e. Discontinuing the pursuance of obsolete business thrusts and ideas in favour of currently applicable methodologies of innovation and team collaboration. Ensuring a speedy and timely identification of peoples susceptibility to illness or infirmity. Roche hires new employees and leverages on existing employees to best prepare for efficient implementation of new ideas. 3.2 STAKEHOLDER SATISFACTION Effective maneuvering of Roches value chain to maximize value addition to cancer drugs, thereby increasing their profitability and efficiency in treating cancer ailments. Ensuring a speedy detection of side effects caused by the use of certain drugs such as probable toxicity. Employing the Gene Chip to aid treatment and monitoring of patients, which translates to better health care insurance for Roches customers. Maximizing returns to shareholders by producing competitive pharmacy drugs which best meet customer expectations. 3.3 SPEED Critically evaluating and analyzing large volumes of data in a shorter period of time using the Zeiss machine. Achieving the rapid discovering of new and better pharmacy drugs and nipping in the bud toxicity risks through early identification. Team collaboration in favour of encouraging scientific team competition means that teams take lesser time to be productive due to the pool of intellectual capital, unlike where individual teams would be stuck with outdated ideas, trying to preserve their careers. 3.4 SIMULTANEOUS AND SEQUENTIAL THRUST. Researchers can now consider multiple ideas on a daily basis rather than to spend years focusing on one idea. Having different initiatives running at different times. 3.5 SURPRISE Investing in new technology 3.6 SIGNALLING Developing markers for cancer Media briefing showing the direction market will take. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ QUESTION 4 : How do information systems support Roches business strategy? Roches business strategy has resulted in the generation of large amounts of data which needs to be processed screened, analyzed then either discarded or stored. 4.1 Screening The head of clinical research believed that the best hope of finding new drugs fast would be to test as much compounds as possible and discarding as quickly as possible, those that had lower odds of succeeding. This resulted in the procurement the Carl Zeiss machine which has assisted Roche with efficient and faster testing of compounds per day.. 4.2 Processing / Experimenting- the Genechip has assisted Roche in reducing the time it takes to identify disease markers when conducting experiments on tissue samples. This contributes positively to the business strategy in that it increases the speed at which new products can be identified and developed. 4.3 Storage All the data generated as a result of Roches new strategy which is experiments that are either discarded or continuing with further investigation needs to be stored on the companys data systems. Roches computers services experts have had to devise an effective way of storage that ensures that all the employees are allocated sufficient storage in their respective areas of responsibility. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦

Letters in Jane Austens Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Jane Austen Prid

Letters in Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice is one of the great love stories of our time. Its continued popularity shows that its essential story can still be adapted to modern day life. Set in the 1800s, it tells the love story of two people who gradually learn to understand each other and themselves. In the time that the novel is set, modern means of communication, for example telephones and computers were not yet invented. The most effective way of corresponding, especially over long distances, were letters. In this period, when people met in formal circumstances, for instance at a ball, where they were in company and never alone, they could not express their inner thoughts. Letters provided a confidential way to do this. This is also true to the novel; where Jane Austen carefully composes the letters. There is more care and attention paid to their structure and content; as letters are they are a permanent record of thoughts that can be revisited and re-read, were carefully crafted to provide the exact meaning of each letter. The letters used in Pride and Prejudice shows us a glimpse of a character’s personality and their viewpoint. They are a key feature of conveying a new character and developing the plot. It is not an accident that over forty letters or letter extracts are used in Pride and Prejudice. They are an effective means of illuminating characters where dwelling on individual reflections is not a style used much by the author. Also we gain an insight into the recipient of the letter through their response. One of the first letters used in Pride and Prejudice to introduce a new character is Mr Collins’ letter. This letter gives us our first opportunity to assess ... ...tures Lydia Bennet’s character. In this essay I have shown three examples of letters. In each of these letters we have seen how they have introduced, changed perceptions and shown us in depth a character. Letters are an integral part of the novel; they are threaded through the story to add variety, drama and develop character detail. Without letters it would be hard to move plot on and pick up the pace of the novel. They are used as a means of providing drama to the novel. They often reveal dramatic detail and provide an impression of news being discovered immediately. Letters offer a useful structural device to add variety to how the plot is revealed. This in turn shows the variety and imagination of Austen’s style. They also are entertaining additions to the novel on their own, often giving engaging or moving insights into character and situation.

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essay -- Essays Papers

Their Eyes Were Watching God In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie battles to find Individualism within herself. Janie, all her life, had been pushed around and told what to do and how to live her life. She searched and searched high and low to find a peace that makes her whole and makes her feel like a complete person. To make her feel like she is in fact an individual and that she’s not like everyone else around her. During the time of ‘Their Eyes’, the correct way to treat women was to show them who was in charge and who was inferior. Men were looked to as the superior being, the one who women were supposed to look up to and serve. Especially in the fact that Janie was an African American women during these oppressed times. Throughout this book, it looks as though Janie makes many mistakes in trying to find who she really is, and achieving the respect that she deserves. Living with her Grandmother and theWashburns’, Janie was surrounded and raised with white children. She always believed that she was white herself, and that she was no different than anybody else. As she was growing up, she was told what to do and how to live by her grandmother. Janie’s grandmother planned her life out for her. She told her that she must get married right away. â€Å"Yeah, Janie, youse got yo’ womanhood on yuh. So Ah mout ez well tell yuh whut Ah been savin’ up for uh spell. Ah wants to see you married right away.† Janie’s grandmother did want what was best for Janie, but she basically told her what to do instead of letting her know what she wanted for her. Janie’s grandmother told her exactly who she was going to marry and who she wasn’t even to think about. â€Å"Whut Ah seen just now is plenty for me, honey, Ah don’t want no trashy negro, no breath-and-britches, lak Johnny Taylor usinâ€⠄¢ yo’ body to wipe his foots on. Brother Logan Killicks, he’s a good man.......You answer me when Ah speak. Don’t you set dere poutin’ wid me after all Ah done went through for you!† She is basically telling Janie that she can’t marry Johnny Taylor, the one she is exploring her womanhood with, the one she wants, and that she must marry Logan, for protection. Towards the end of the book, Janie resents her grandmother for â€Å"living† her life for her and planning her future. To find out what will happen in a persons future, they need to live their life on their own an... ... and scratching the dandruff from her scalp.† Tea Cake and Janie obviously shared a special love between them as their relationship grew. The things he did for her made her feel unbelievable. They did things she had never even thought of. Tea Cake took her places she had never been. â€Å"To Janie’s strange eyes, everything in the Everglades was big and new.† Janie went to many new places and met many new people that she would’ve never met had she stayed with Logan or stayed in Eatonville with Joe. She would’ve just kept on living the same life...never doing anything new with the same boring people. With Tea Cake, Janie began to work, and to feel a certain freedom she had never felt before. Janie found what she was looking for. She searched all her life to find what was within herself, and one special person was all that was needed to bring it out in her. Even though her and Tea Cake’s relationship ended in a tragedy, she knew that he really loved her for who she was. She didn’t need to be with him for protection, or she didn’t need to be the leading lady of a town or a mayor’s wife, she just needed the right kind of love and affection to bring out what was best in her.

Humans and Nature: The Sad Truth about the Relationship between Humans

Since the shift into the Holocene era with the rise of sedentism throughout various millenniums across six continents to present day human ingenuity, respect and attention towards the site gradually declined as technologies advanced human capability and chances of survival. Digging deep in time back to the ancestral hunter-gathering tribes of southwestern France in the Caves of Lascaux, where the site was the structure itself, shifting towards the Anasazi of Mesa Verde who created a structure utilizing the site, finally ending with modern day commercial chain buildings stamped onto landscape with neither respect nor consideration of natural landform and the grim outlook for the city of New Orleans, these sites offer insight to the nulling of human reverence to Earth as technology replaces the necessity for natural provisions. Evolution among ideas and communities both on a communal and global scale show the rising ignorance of Earth throughout history. Although co ntemporary sites break from this shift towards a product over placement, the overall generalization of architecture must recognize this change to shed light for a future of reinvesting in the earth’s protection and prolonging of humanity. Rewind the historical clock 19,000 years ago when anatomically correct, coherent humans first set out to alter the natural world’s many caverns and crevices such as in the Caves of Lascaux. In Paleolithic times when the formation of complex languages and cognitive skills replaced instinctive traits of nourishment, shelter, and procreation, so too did the formation of non-domestic ancestral sites. Archeologically, structures in prehistoric sites are either debunked as domestic or non-domestic, usually associating... ...history. Hurricane Katrina acts as a message to humanity across the globe, architecture must recognize this numbness and utilize the features of the Earth to rekindle light for a future within Earth’s protection and prolonging of humanity. Works Cited Ingersoll, Kostof. . World Architecture, A Cross-Cultural History. New York: Oxford University Press, USA, 2013. print. Varien, M. . Sedentism and Mobility in a Social Landscape: Mesa Verde & Beyond. Arizona: The University of Arizona Press, USA, 1999. print. Venturi et al. . LEARNING FROM LAS VEGAS: THE FORGO'rI'EN SYMBOUSM OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM. Massachusetts: The MIT Press, USA, 2013. print. Williams, R. . Keywords, a vocabulary of culture and society. New York: Oxford University Press, USA, 1976. print. 1 The Citation referring to Brush and Turner comes from a cited source in Varien, M’s book.

Create a speech on “Looking for Alibrandi” Essay

â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† is a film which develops the notion of changing perspective through focusing on the central character Josies search for identity and belonging in the world and her relationships with other characters. Moreover, the use of music and camera shots is applied to certain scenes to emphasize Josies attitude and feelings. The use of voice over is applied throughout the film by the main character Josie Alibrandi as it constantly reveals personal ideas and impressions from Josies point of view. During her final year of High school, her life is turned upside down. However, as she matures from being a very rebellious and determined girl to a more responsible and experienced young woman, perspectives of her own identity, her culture and the people around her change drastically. In â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi† changing perspectives is demonstrated through the concept of cultural background, Josie has to come to terms with her Italian heritage including Tomato Day or as she likes to call it National Wog Day, because her culture makes up who she is. Italian music is applied to this scene to represent there Italian culture and to allow the audience to gain some knowledge and understanding about their traditions and customs. Also, fast paced music is taken over towards the end of the scene to indicate the way she feels rushed and embarrassed about her culture. A key event in the film that changes Josies perspective is the meeting of her father, Michael Andretti. Initially, Josie is hostile to her father and unsympathetic to his explanations. However, as certain events unfold, Josie begins to admire him and sentimental piano music is plays to convey the positive attitude she had towards the idea of having a father figure. Michael Andretti also faces a similar change in perspective of his daughter and his own perspective on fatherhood. Furthermore, another change in perspective is identity. Primarily, Josie  believes due to her ethnic background, she was looked down upon. However, the experience of a close friends death causes her to realize the importance of family and that others have it much worse than her. In relation to John Bartons death, a close up of Josies face is captured to display her devastated yet numb expression along with harmonious tunes to mirror Josies grief. In conclusion, as demonstrated in â€Å"Looking for Alibrandi†, changing perspectives is an ongoing process in life and is can be both positive and negative. Without this process in life, a person cannot adapt to new situations and present themselves in life.

Analysis Of Bill T Jones Choreographic Pieces Art Essay

Bill T. Jones is a galvanizing choreographer with an tickle pinking presence and personal appeal. His digest of â€Å" Solos † includes â€Å" Tea for Two † , â€Å" Ionization † , and â€Å" Chaconne † . All different from each other are word pictures of Jones ‘ emotions and organic structure motions to their extremes. Giving a brief account to each, â€Å" Tea for Two † is a word picture of emotions like desire and love, while â€Å" Ionization † has an utmost engagement of strong music, motion, and looks which depict force, and eventually, â€Å" Chaconne † is a aflicker public presentation that displays the engagement of artistic techniques and music insinuating a certain narrative, or feeling. This paper is an mentality of Jones ‘ work, particularly in these public presentations, and how each public presentation is an artistic representation of a certain subject. The classical vocal â€Å" Tea for Two † is what Bill T. Jones ‘ public presentation is based upon. It is a solo which he presents twice ; one time on the steps, and following in a studio. On the other manus, as a witness I have realized that differences in the scene may take to a huge differentiation between two public presentations. First, â€Å" Tea for Two: On the Stairs. † The public presentation is a word picture of love, freewill, and desire. I have felt that Jones performs with his full ardor on the streets out to observe. Besides, the wordss sung by Blossom Dearie speak for themselves as the terpsichorean is blissful and content about the house created for him and his lover off from the busy life of the metropolis. As a witness, I have felt that it is a romantic lay dance where Jones is conveying to his audience that he is happy sing being entirely with his loved 1 with no 1 to trouble oneself them enabling them to hold tea for two and basking it without any break.Besides, I have realized that Jones ‘ free manner of dancing reflects his freedom and peaceableness. The daylight tends to capture the kernel of love and felicity, while his facial looks are of a happy adult male content with his life and life. In this dance sequence, the infinite is to the full utilised with no sets, or props to up set the construct of freedom he is seeking to convey to the audience. A really natural and clean public presentation, which shows what small felicity in life, along with a loved one, can make to a human being.Furthermore, traveling on to â€Å" Tea for Two: In the Studio † . Although Jones had performed the piece twice on the same music, the difference in the scene gave the dance another feeling. I felt that Jones is non executing with the same kernel, or power. Besides, I believe that his public presentation in the studio constrained him ; impeded him from traveling freely, unlike his public presentation on the stepss where you could experience the positive energy shimmering from every motion and line Jones had made. Furthermore, â€Å" Do you think I ‘ll do a soldier, every unit of ammunition goes higher and higher, do you desire to hold your freedom? † are the words of Bill T. Jones which he added after his public presentation to the piece in the studio. To me , this altered the temper after watching the public presentation as Jones left the audience in deep ideas ; besides, as a witness, I did non to the full understand the purpose of such a quotation mark ; nevertheless, it could be that Jones is dubious while mentioning to â€Å" himself † as a soldier, and questionable sing geting his freedom as he pictures it with his loved one. Traveling on to another dramatic piece by Bill T. Jones entitled â€Å" Ionization † . â€Å" Ionization † is a piece choreographed to a authoritative music composing by Edgar Varese, and this dance piece is an first-class synchronism of different instruments with the moves of the organic structure. Besides, as a witness, the dance is an ionisation of the human organic structure to different beats in life and is besides built on the premiss of how a organic structure moves to the most sensitive differentiations of assorted sorts of percussive sounds. Different instruments such as the bass and the membranophones are a pleasance to hear when synchronized to the soft and comforting sounds of the piano and the saxophone. Besides, as a witness, I was awakened with the African like beats, every bit good as, beats similar to the boom of a king of beasts and Sirens leting Jones to switch within the infinite utilizing stronger motions harmonizing to the round of the instruments. Furthermore, I consider this solo public presentation by Jones really much attending catching as the manner he communicated with his audience through his facial looks was outstanding ; besides, the manner he switched fleetly from one look to another, yet holding full control to do such switches apparent was like an expert done. Furthermore, force could be seen bit by bit in the public presentation from the beginning to the terminal from his crisp stomp like motions to his facial looks with conformity to the music played. However, although Jones ‘ public presentation to the full caught my attending, the music he chose for such a sequence was someway ruling doing me concentrate in certain parts with the music played instead than Jones while executing. Additionally, â€Å" Chaconne † is framed around spoken text and the music of Bach ‘s D-Minor Partita for Solo Violin. This solo public presentation accompanied by Bach ‘s D Minor Partita could be about Jones ‘ personal memories accompanied by the visual aspect of written text on screen about a close friend of him, or it could be dedicated to his female parent. Furthermore, I believe that the text is straight related to the sad and painful moves of Jones in the dance sequence. Besides, the text helped me as a witness understand the temper of the performing artist and grok the intent of the dance sequence as it felt that Jones was someway portraying the individual in torment, or retrieving how she felt during her blink of an eye of hurting, particularly during the portion while he was on the floor with his manus organizing a bosom like form and the text looking. Furthermore, the music, which is wholly a mix of fiddles, added to the softness of the public prese ntation. Although there is a immense difference between Jones ‘ four public presentations, I have liked â€Å" Chaconne † the most as I have felt that it reflects certain concealed emotions within him which he is able to merely reflect through dance and concealed address. Last but non least, it is hard to compare between two profound choreographers such as Bill T. Jones and Merce Cunningham ; nevertheless, I have admired Jones ‘ manner most as to me he managed to portray original modern-day dance and stage dancing. Although Merce Cunningham is a innovator in modern-day dance, and I am non a guru in such a field to to the full show my sentiment ; nevertheless, that is what I have realized after watching several pieces by both choreographers. Bill T. Jones is an keen performing artist and choreographer who is able to catch clasp of his audiences attending from the minute he starts dancing. Besides, his ability to set up stage dancing with clear messages sent is an property which I find important. Bill T. Jones is genuinely adept in his field of expertness, and truly has the ability to maintain his audience engaged wherever and whenever he performs.

Crook’s is the only black character in the novel discuss his significance Essay

The author John Steinbeck is an artistic Writer. His greatest achievement of being an author was the compelling story Of Mice And Men. This is an immense story based on two American ranch workers dream to own a house in the 1930’s. The novel was set in Soledad in southern California. In several of his fiction works, including Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck illustrates how grueling, challenging, and often unrewarding the life of migrant farmers could be. Just as George and Lennie dream of a better life on their own farm, the Great Plains farmers dreamed of finding a better life in California. Steinbeck himself was born there in 1902, and went on to experience the Great Depression in the heart of the land that so many left their homes to find. This time in America’s history was marked by bread lines, soup kitchens, unemployment, and the daily hope for a low paying job that would last longer than a few days. Historically, this was a dream of many people in California during the Great Depression, most of whom never saw it come to pass. The story shows the harsh and cruel circumstances of the many who were so poor but balances the desperation with the hope and desire for triumph. The novel is about two inerrant workers, called Lennie and George. They work on a ranch with other workers. The main theme in this novel is â€Å"The Dream† Historically, this was what many people in California strived to achieve during these hard times; to one a piece of land, most of whom never saw it come to pass. The story shows the harsh and cruel circumstances of the many that were so poor but balances the desperation with the hope and desire for triumph. Discrimination can take many forms, from racial to physical to gender, Crooks is set apart because he is the only black man on the ranch moreover, he has a physical disability. In this novel Crooks possesses the majority of loneliness and injustice. Steinbeck’s perception of Crooks in the novel is very accurate during this period, he uses Crook’s to symbolise the marginalisation of the black community occurring at the time in which the novel is set additionally Crooks brings into perspective the loneliness experienced by all the characters. Steinbeck’s relates his knowledge to the novel and most substantially Crooks. Crook’s is the only black character on the ranch and is first established in Chapter 2. He is segregated from the rest of the men on the ranch. He has his own room in the barn, â€Å"†¦A little shed that leaned off the wall of the barn†. We can see how isolated he is in this room because he needs to surround himself with his own personal possessions; â€Å"For being alone, Crooks could leave his things about†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He is referred to as a â€Å"Nigger† by almost everybody on the ranch, â€Å"She turned on him in scorn. ‘Listen nigger’†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Steinbeck’s use of language, such as the term â€Å"Nigger† started out as a dismissive term used by whites to describe blacks, and it didn’t even necessarily have racist connotations. But when the 19th century started ‘nigger’ was a term used by white people to express their anger and furthermore degrade blacks. Steinbeck used Curley’s Wife In this quote to indicate her own personal opinion on what she perceives Crooks to be, internally what white people on a whole thought blacks were. Not only did he use this quote to express her anger towards Crooks but also he used this quote to show how Crooks had a lack of importance. He was not recognized or called by his name, Crooks. He was not awarded dignity because he was looked upon as being inferior. Everyone on the ranch was called by his or her name except Crooks, which made him irrelevant to people on the ranch. The message conveyed by Steinbeck is therefore that Crooks was racially and socially differentiated from white people by this racial term â€Å"Nigger†. On the other hand The Old Swamper thinks positively about Crooks when he first tells George about him. â€Å"Yeah nice fella†¦Ya see the stable bunk is a nigger† Even though The Old Swamper referrers to Crooks as a nigger, which was properly because it was recognizably used to refer to him as, he looks behind their racial difference, and judges Crooks on his personality. The beginning of Chapter 4 is the setting for Crooks room where he lives in alone. He owns many possessions strangely more than other workers. â€Å"Crooks possessed several pairs of shoes, a pair of rubber boots, a big alarm clock†¦Ã¢â‚¬  His room reflects his character â€Å"†¦was swept and fairly neat, for Crooks was a proud, aloof man† This quote not only suggests that Crooks keeps his room clean but that he is a well-kept man. He is mostly in his room and wants his room to reflect himself as a person, who takes pride in his room. He also has â€Å"†¦A tattered dictionary†¦copy of the California civil code†¦a few dirty books† He has educational possessions in his room, which shows he is well educated and takes an interest in reading. He obviously knows his rights as a black man, because he reads the California civil code so knows what he is entitled to do. Crooks puts all of these things on a â€Å"special shelf† to show that they a re important to him. The condition of his skin suggest that he is aged â€Å"deep black wrinkles† There’s a contrast between his youthful eyes with the rest of his face. Having his own room meant he was detached from the ranch workers, which suggest he experiences racial segregation due to being black. This discrimination against black people in the 1930s was enforced by Steinbeck into Crooks to give an insight on prejudice. When Lennie enters Crook’s room out of curiosity, Crooks asserts his human rights stating, â€Å"This here’s my room. Nobody got any right in here but me† This form of retaliation against Lennie is down to Crooks being isolated all the time. Crooks is clearly stating his right to privacy, it is safer for him to remain isolated. It is strange for him that Lennie is communicating with him; not being used to it, so when Lennie does enter his room, Crooks manages to hold his delight by pretending to be annoyed. â€Å"It was difficult for Crooks to conceal his pleasure with anger.† He feels the need to protect his room because of his â€Å"protective dignity of a Negro† This quote reflects on all black people of this time, who were made to protect themselves because they lacked the social skills they needed to be able to communicate with others without feeling the need to protect themselves. He tries to hide is pleasure through irritation, but he realize s that he wants Lennie’s company. Not only because he is lonesome but because he knows Lennie is naive and lacks knowledge of life in general. The mode during Lennie’s visit to see Crooks was a very unwanted mode at first. Once Crooks realized Lennie wasn’t looking for any dissatisfaction, Crooks eased up a little. One quote which observes â€Å"†¦Lennie’s disarming smile defeated him. ‘Come in for a while†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He lets his defensive barrier down to Lennie â€Å"His tone was a little more friendly† Crooks can’t help but respond to Lennie; conversation is what he craves for. Crooks has got a indulgant heart, he just chooses to hide it through anger and displeasure considering that’s the only way he knows how to express his feelings. He would not naturally be distant towards people if he were not racially segregated from others. We therefore see that being around someone for once has brought out his true personality. Crook’s is envious of Lennie’s relationship with George. George takes care of Lennie and they have a companionship. Deep within him he wants the warmth of togetherness in his life, relising lennie has this creates a burning streak of jealousy inside him. He uses Lennie’s lack of knowledge to his advantage by taunting Lennie about George leaving him. â€Å"‘S’ pose George don’t come back no more† His misery and envy brings out his cruelty. He is trying to inflict his personal pain of being a lonely black man onto Lennie. Crooks then reveals his own need â€Å"Maybe you can see now. You got George†¦ ‘S’ pose you didn’t have nobody†¦I tell ya a guy gets too lonely an’ he gets sick.† This illustrates that Crooks pities his own circumstances and vulnerability. â€Å"I didn’t mean to scare you† shows that Crooks did not deliberately picked on Lennie he just wanted him to know how it felt to be alone all the time. He expresses this through his bitterness. He realizes himself that bullying Lennie will not change his belonging in society he will still remain unimportant. Crooks’ loneliness is part of Steinbeck’s microcosm of the world. Multiply Crooks a million times, and Steinbeck is pointing out the barriers and artificial obstacles people and society build against each other. Whenever the American Dream is mentioned he dismisses it â€Å"Nobody never gets to heaven and nobody gets no land.† He lacks the optimism and hopes that George and Lennie share. This brings us to believe that Crooks has absolutely no hope in achieving this dream. He has lost faith in the dream; maybe being a black man has caused him to think there could be no realisation of him being happy in his life. He links going to heaven and owning your own land, suggesting going to heaven is equal to owning a land. This sparks reality that during this period of the great depression it was rare that people working on ranches could ever own a land. Lennie and George have determination and hope that one day they will own a land, even though deep down George knows it’s unrealistic. Crooks seems like he has given up a long time ago on the dream, mostly because his concealment from everyone else has infused this judgement into his mind. When Curly’s wife enters Crook’s room all the men dislike her presence, she knows full well that Curlys not in Crook’s room but just like Crook’s she is eager for attention. â€Å"Any you boys seen Curly† This is what makes Crook’s and Curlys wife so similar. Their life is full of shattered dreams, discrimination and loneliness. Crook’s tries to stand up to Curlys wife, but being a white woman means she has a controlled power of Crook’s being black. She belittles him saying â€Å"†¦you keep in your place then, Nigger I could get you strung up† He reverts back to the majestic, stubborn man he was in the beginning. She dehumanises him straight away. â€Å"Crook’s had reduced himself to nothing. There was no personality, no ego†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Crooks built up this ego and bravery to stand up to Curlys wife when he was for the first time given attention socially by Lennie and Candy entering his room. It may have be en a lot for him to take in, after being made to feel like he is not welcome because of his colour all the time. So when Curlys Wife insults them, this new ego and bravery gives crooks the idea that he can assert his rights to Curlys Wife. She soon puts him in his place, making him realise the substantial difference between them, racial wise. She knows how to use the unfairness of life to her advantage, which becomes disturbingly clear when she dangles the threat of crying rape in front of Crooks. She knows that as a black man he would be lynched if she told the others that he’d even tried to rape her, and she wields this power to her advantage. Ultimately, though, she is revealed as frightened of her husband as she sneaks off to her house. Curley’s wife has been trapped by life and however brazen and manipulative she may be, she is ultimately one of the comparatively powerless figures in the novel. She is therefore, perhaps, an object of the reader’s sympathy. The characters in the book begin to merge, by this happening we soon start to realize they are quite similar. â€Å"Crooks laughed again. ‘A guy can talk to you and be sure you won’t go blabbin†¦ George can tell you screwy things, and it don’t matter. It’s just the talking. It’s just bein’ with another guy.'† Crook’s thoughts in this quote reflect the ideas of all the outcasts in the novel. Just like George, Candy, and Curley’s Wife, Crooks longs for human companionship; he simply wants another person to acknowledge his existence. Likewise, George thinks that he and Lennie are different from all the other lonely migrant workers because they have each other. George’s actions mirror Crook’s words, George knows that Lennie isn’t listening to him most of the time, but he like Crooks simply wants someone to hear him. Similarly, Candy is willing to invest his life’s savings in strangers’ dreams so that he can spend the last years of his life with others. His one companion, his dog, is now gone. Finally, Curley’s wife is willing to risk the fury of her abusive husband just for human conversation. Her behavior with Lennie is exactly like Crook’s conversation with Lennie; she does not care that Lennie doesn’t understand her. In Chapter Four, the contrast between Crooks, Curly’s Wife, Candy and Lennie becomes marked. Firstly the three mentally or physically impaired â€Å"outcasts† of the farm – discuss their dream of living â€Å"of the fat of the land† one can sense a strong whiff of socialism. For a moment, they imagine a life of freedom from prejudice and racism, in which each man works for â€Å"just his keep† regardless of color or disability. Steinbeck cleverly brings the outcast into contact at the end of the chapter which subverts the idea of crooks being the only character who suffers from loneliness and shattered dreams. Crook’s race is the reason for his isolation, just as Candy’s age and handicap isolate him, and Curley’s wife’s gender forces her into a solitary life. Because of his race, he must live outside of human contact, he no longer trusts that dreams can come true. Steinbeck devotes all of Chapter 4 to Crooks to illustrate how completely isolated the stable hand truly is because of his race. All characters enter Crook’s room, on top of the social hierarchy, however they slowly start to correspond to Crooks. Lennie and Candy wanting to grab that much loved American dream, while Curly’s Wife is in need of company. Steinbeck uses Crooks to reveal the hidden desires of the other characters, Steinbeck show that although Crooks is considered the outcast of the book, he in no doubt brings them all as one; equal as the strive to achieve the same hopeless goal. Subsequently, Chapter 4 opens with Crook’s being a â€Å"proud and aloof man† to having racial superior over Lennie to finally having nothing. His dream of living with the other men is shattered by Curlys Wife putting him in his place. I think Steinbeck feels compassion for Crook’s being the only black character on the ranch. Even though he is bitter and cruel Steinbeck is aware he has been racially picked on which caused his behaviour. Even though Crooks is not made relevant throughout the book he holds a special significance in the book. He is a victim of an individual type of loneliness. Crook’s does not ask to be isolated from everyone. He was unfortunately caught up in the racial war. Therefore Crook’s is a vital character in Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck not only illustrates him as a representation of division of colour in this time period but also shows that through Crooks other outcasts in the book have been discovered to want and need the same things that people just like Crooks deserve. He has had a cruel life and been very badly treated, which had caused him to become so bitter. Steinbeck made him into this character to show how people like crooks must have felt in this period of racism. Being treated different from everyone else and not having the same rights as fellow human beings, this would have made them really frustrated. Steinbeck gave an insight on injustice by inventing Crooks. Which overall made him so significant.