What constitutes a prudent strategic planning process(In public Essay

What establishes a judicious key arranging process(In open assistance) - Essay Example During the time spent building up a system, the principal measure must set up an establishment for the procedure. This involves arranging how to prompt the procedure of technique making. This finds out that no hitches are knowledgeable about the arranging procedure. As per Norman Flynn, this method is known as arranging how to design (Norman 184). This technique further guarantees that rules for the procedure are unmistakably verbalized in advance. The objective for setting out techniques involves accomplishing the strategic vision of the particular open organ. Thusly, it is basic that these be explained unmistakably in the vital arranging process. This is depended on the way that, this guarantees the procedures are detailed in accordance with the particular vision and crucial the open organ. This declaration is additionally refered to by different scientists (Bryson 266). At the point when this isn't clung to, the open organ risks defining excess systems in this way hindering its general advantage to the general population. Frequently, there are inborn elements that keep a firm from all out viability in its commanded task. It is just in the occasion where such factors, if in reality they exist, are tended to will the association understand its crucial vision. Thusly, a significant component in a vital administration process distinguishing proof of these elements. These natural components design a center method of reasoning behind the disappointment of open undertakings (Steiner, 325). A wide range of methodologies are ordinarily proposed during the key arranging process. Be that as it may, it takes critical pondering to show up at the most gainful road. The group entrusted with this order needs to weight the effect of all the proposed systems and suggest the most proper one. The group must look to address preset inquiries on the best road to utilize (Sukumar 134). The best system ought to be the one that emphatically responds to these preset inquiries. At its peak, the arranging procedure

The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example

The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay Paper This paper will outline and elucidate why entomb proficient shared example in cultural work is of import. It will other than dissect cardinal factors that help or block efficacious bury proficient community design. It will elucidate why it is of import that experts cooperate and adequately as a crew and the impacts that can happen when experts neglect to unite effectively. There has been an incredible exchange of political and expert power per unit territories for the improvement of entomb proficient community design. From the late 1990 s onwards there were colossal wholes of authority paperss to propel the significance of community working inside the health and cultural consideration division. The 1998 cultural administrations White Paper Modernizing Social Services ( DoH, 1998 ) and The NHS Plan ( 2000 ) committed full parts to the subject. It has been contended that bury proficient working has progressed more distant corresponding to administrations for more established individuals than it has comparable to children and family units. The Green Paper Every Child Matters ( DfES 2003 ) perceived this and one of the central components of this paper centered that improved coaction was required so as non to repeat the grievous occasions of the Victoria Climbie example ( this case will be talked about in more remote thing later in the exposition ) . Govern ment affirmation recommends that numerous cultural employments can non be effectively tended to by some random organization moving in segregation from others. That is, when experts cooperate viably they offer a superior assistance to the intricate requests of the most powerless individuals in the public arena. Entomb proficient collective example includes complex connections between an extent of various experts and is when experts cooperate as a crew to make equally arranged finishes through concurred programs. It is an association that can be characterized as a conventional comprehension between the various callings who consent to cooperate in pursue of normal closures. Collective is characterized as seting that organization into activity or into design. It includes the various callings cooperating and using their ain single achievements on the other hand of working in inverse waies to run into the requests of impossible to miss administration clients. It is proposed that when cult ural laborers and different callings work cooperatively the administration client improves exchange. Willing commitment ( Henneman et al, 1995, refered to in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.19 ) and a high level of thought process ( Molyneux, 2001, refered to in Barrett et Al, p.19 ) have been expressed as basic features of useful entomb proficient coaction. We will compose a custom paper test on The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Inter Professional Practice In Social Work Social Work Essay explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Social laborers have certain moral obligations to society that they should follow and this comes in the signifier of The British Association of Social Work ( BASW ) Code of Ethics and the National Occupational Standards for cultural specialists. The Code of Ethics follow five essential qualities, Human Dignity and Worth, Social Justice, Service to Humanity, Integrity and Competence while the National Occupational Standards plot the measures of conduct and example to which every single cultural laborer ought to stick to. While working in coaction with different experts, cultural laborers ought to adhere to these Codes and Standards to ensure that the most ideal outcome is accomplished for the administration client. In the past bury proficient synergistic example has been hard with numerous disservices and this has caused employments between the various callings included. This has in the days of old prompted cataclysmic catastrophes as in the case of Victoria Climbie. Mutual answerability is of import for solid coaction and all experts ought to be responsible. Every calling ought to back up each other, non be viewed as sense of self intrigued and that nobody calling is higher than another. A portion of the occupations that can happen are when there is non a consistent circulation of intensity. Inconsistent force conveyance can be abusive ( Payne, 2000, refered to in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.23 ) and can limit commitment for some gathering individuals. Battles for power are established in proficient custom and cultural contrast. It is accepted by certain pundits of cultural work that social specialists have habitually been situated in scenes where they were considered as auxiliary to other progress ively settled proficient gatherings ( Brewer and Lait, 1980, refered to in Wilson et Al, 2008, p.401 ) . Customarily there experience been difficulties inside the clinical calling and Cooke et Al, ( 2001, refered to in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.23 ) recommends that general practicians felt compromised by a redistribution of intensity and had employments permitting spells of their generally held force base . Social work in the days gone by has been portrayed as a semi calling and like nursing and guidance and non similar to the scholarly calling of clinical claim to fame or statute as it does non hold the required qualities of those callings ( Freidson 1994 ) . Payne ( 2000 refered to in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.23 ) recognizes this as individuals s ability to secure what they need . Force in bury proficient cooperative example ought to be shared and conveyed and no progressive system of intensity ought to be. On the off chance that a few experts consider themselves to be more impressive than another they are non run intoing the requests of the administration client. Being regional and non sharing data and cognizance has for quite some time been a vocation in bury proficient community oriented example. Molyneux ( 2001, refered to in Barrett et Al, 2005, p20 ) found that experts who were certain about their ain capacity had the option to work deftly across proficient limits without encountering greedy or compromised . Proficient development was a look utilized by Laidler ( 1991, refered to in Barratt et Al, 2005, p.20 ) to delineate experts who were certain about their ain capacity to divide data and discuss strongly with different experts. These experts do non experience regional about discharging their cognizance and worry to more remote improve great entomb proficient community oriented example. Stapleton ( 1998, refered to in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.20 ) proposes that a mix of individual and expert affirmation empowers people to asseverate their ain positions and debate the purpose of perspectives on others . Transparent conveying is a basic and likely one of the greater part of import aspects of entomb proficient community oriented example. It expects experts to take into history each other s positions, be conscious, noble and to hear each out other without being very reproachful of each other. Productive ominous judgment requests to be embraced on board helpful proposals and consolation and should take topographic point at a clasp when different experts are open. Dynamic hearing is an of import achievement. To have the option to perceive and respond to what is being imparted is a cardinal achievement. Experts working cooperatively should show this verbally and nonverbally to one another. This is significantly helped if with or without concerned put the run of the mill generalizing of one another s callings so as to hear and tune in to what the talker is expressing. Keeping great oculus contact and holding great natural structure phonetic correspondence is just all of import. It is evalu ated that 66% of conveying is non-verbal, for example something is conveyed through body phonetic correspondence by a natural structure movement, a position, an intonation in the voice ( Birdwhistell, 1970, refered to in Wilson, 2008, p.297 ) . A disengagement in imparting and the inadequacy of sharing of data between the callings in the days gone by have been major weaknesss in bury proficient synergistic example for delineation in prominent child assurance enquiries and this has prompted unfortunate impacts. Compelling frameworks of imparting and cognizing what data ought to be shared are key non simply between the callings yet adjacent to between the administration clients. Trust, regular respect and backing are cardinal attributes to cover proficient shared example. Trust was featured by numerous experts as one of the a large portion of import factors in effective coaction. At the point when trust is missing experts may encounter awkward and unreliable in their capacity and this in twist can take to cautious conduct to estrange their uncertainties. Stapleton ( 1998, refered to in Barratt et Al, 2005, p.22 ) proposes that trust creates through rehashed positive bury proficient experience and creates a tiny bit at a time over a time of clasp . Trust can non be increased for the time being so it is of import for experts working cooperatively to give each other clasp for trust to create. At the point when experts feel esteemed, they feel regarded. This can be accomplished by effectively tuning in to one another and holding an entrance into each other s callings. Strife between the callings can hold a monstrous effect on the various experts and administration clients. Loxley ( 1997, refered to in Barrett et Al, 2005, p.24 ) recommends that battle is entwined with synergistic example . To threaten a portion of the employments related with battle it might regard all worried to sort out land guidelines. These land guidelines could go some way to prevent and help the heading of battle and could incorporate ; unfa

How Many Paragraphs in an Essay

How Many Paragraphs in an Essay There is no firm rule that says an essay needs to have a set number of paragraphs, but an essay must be a minimum of three paragraphs. There are a lot of people who say an essay should be five paragraphs, but its an extremely limiting rule, and unless youve been instructed to write a five paragraph essay, theres no reason to stick to it. As a rule, youll write your essay in three main parts. First, youll introduce your topic to your reader. Next, you will have body text in which you discuss the topic in more detail, and finally, youll have a conclusion that tells your reader what you were able to see after looking into the facts or thinking through the topic. In its simplest form, an essay can consist of three paragraphs with one paragraph being devoted to each section. Proponents of the five paragraph essay say that the body text should consist of three paragraphs, but in reality, its fine to write more or fewer paragraphs in this section. Guessing How Many Paragraphs Before You Begin This is a rule of thumb, which means it wont always work quite that way, but its handy all the same. In academic work, your paragraphs are likely to be a bit longer than most of the ones you see in this blog post. On average, there are usually 100 to 200 words in a paragraph. So if youd like a guesstimate, you can assume that a 1,000-word essay will have between five and ten paragraphs. What Points Do You Have to Cover? Another, less limiting and more accurate way to work out how many paragraphs you need to cover your topic is to look at the main points you have to cover in the body text. A paragraph contains all the ideas that support or explain a single concept. When you are planning your essay, you will think of or research the main elements that are needed in the body text. It would be safe to assume you need at least one paragraph for each of these. Of course, if there is a lot of information to cover in order to explore each area, you may need more. For example, if you are writing an essay on childhood development and exposure to technology, you will want to look into the physical, psychological and cognitive developmental effects of tech on kids. When you research this topic, you will find that there are contrasting points of view and researchers have identified several physical, developmental, and psychological effects of technology use in children. Assuming five psychological effects have been identified, you can assume youll need to write five paragraphs if you are going to write a relatively in-depth essay. But if both those who say technology is bad for kids and those who say it can be good have done a great deal of work on the sub-topic, you might want to make that ten paragraphs so that you can cover both sides of the argument and look into how earlier authors reached their conclusions. Of course, if you have been set a relatively short word limit, you may not be able to go in-depth at all, in which case a paragraph for each of the main sub-topics (psychology, physical development, and cognitive development) will likely be adequate. Essay Content Is More Important Than the Number of Paragraphs Ultimately, your essay will be evaluated on the information you present, not on the number of paragraphs in the essay. Early in your academic life, teachers and lecturers may give you both a structure for your essay and a guideline on how long each part of the essay should be. I have seen essay instructions say how many marks are allocated for each section, and my trick is to take the total word count and allocate a percentage of words to each section based on the percentage of marks you can get for it. After all, if the teacher is allocating 80 marks for content in total and you can see 50% of the mark relates to a certain part of the essay, then 50% of your essays words should be devoted to that section. Sometimes, youll just be given a topic and told to air your opinion. This gives you more freedom, but its a tad more difficult. The research will show you how many angles you should look at, and itll help you to find information that both supports and contradicts your point of view. To make a strong argument, you need to look at both supporting and contradictory information. To avoid getting tangled up in one aspect of the discussion, youll have to decide how long it should be. If its the most important aspect informing your conclusion, you can spend a little more time (and words) on that particular point. It could run into several paragraphs rather than just one or two. Always Remember the Purpose of Paragraphs Paragraphs structure information into sub-topics, and they make your work easier to read and understand thanks to the structure they provide. With careful advance planning, youll be able to work out more or less how many paragraphs you need to complete your essay. How many paragraphs is For those looking for a general rule-of-thumb, below are some estimates on the number of paragraphs there would be in an essay of different lengths based on an average length of 150 words per paragraph. Of course, the number of paragraphs for your essay will depend on many different factors. You can use the following information for a general reference, but dont take these numbers as literal.. Basic Essay Word to Paragraphs Conversions A 100 word essay is 3 paragraph. (minimum for an essay) A 200 word essay is 3 paragraphs. (minimum for an essay) A 250 word essay is 3 paragraphs. (minimum for an essay) A 300 word essay is 3 paragraphs. (minimum for an essay) A 400 word essay is 3 paragraphs. (minimum for an essay) A 500 word essay is 3 to 4 paragraphs. A 600 word essay is 4 paragraphs. A 700 word essay is 4 to 5 paragraphs. A 750 word essay is 5 paragraphs. A 800 word essay is 5 to 6 paragraphs. A 900 word essay is 6 paragraphs. A 1,000 word essay is 6 to 7 paragraphs. A 1,250 word essay is 8 to 9 paragraphs. A 1,500 word essay is 10 paragraphs. A 1,750 word essay is 11 to 12 paragraphs. A 2,000 word essay is 13 to 14 paragraphs. A 2,500 word essay is 16 to 17 paragraphs. A 3,000 word essay is 20 paragraphs. A 4,000 word essay is 26 to 27 paragraphs. A 5,000 word essay is 33 to 34 paragraphs. A 6,000 word essay is 40 paragraphs. A 7,000 word essay is 46 to 37 paragraphs. A 7,500 word essay is 50 paragraphs. A 8,000 word essay is 53 to 54 paragraphs. A 9,000 word essay is 60 paragraphs. A 10,000 word essay is 66 to 67 paragraphs.

Web Service Database Objects Implementation - 9901 Words

A Report on ‘PeopleProfile Web Service – Database objects implementation’ At American Express India Pvt. Ltd. Submitted by Priya Venkatraman PRN: 14030241027 MBA (IT Business Management) (2014-2016) Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology (A constituent member of Symbiosis International University (SIU), est., under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956 by Notification No. F.9-12/2001-U-3 of Govt. of India) Year of submission 2015 Symbiosis Centre for Information Technology A constituent member of Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIDU), Est. Under Section 3 of UGC Act, 1956 by Notification No. F.9-12/2001-U-3 of Govt. of India Certificate This is to certify that the project entitled â€Å"PeopleProfile Web Service – Database objects Implementation† is a bonafide work done by Ms. Priya Venkatraman, PRN-14030241027 of MBA ITBM (2014-2016) in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Business Administration of this Institute. Internal Evaluator External Evaluator Director Prof. Dr. Sudhir Sharan Name Signature Dr. Dhanya Promod Date: / / 2015 Place: Pune Seal of the Institute Acknowledgement It is my great pleasure to present my work on the summer training project at American Express India Pvt. Ltd. It has been a truly fantastic and enriching experience to be associated with the organization. I would like to take this opportunity to thank my guideShow MoreRelatedComputer Database System For Multiple Applications Essay1390 Words   |  6 Pagesproducts for multiple applications. NoSQL Databases, Big Data Analytics and web services are on the top and used in diverse applications. NoSQL Databases are being used in the social media applications and big data processing based portals in which huge, heterogeneous and unstructured data formats are handled. NoSQL Databases are used for faster access of records from the big dataset at back-end. 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Essay on Platos Theory of Human Nature - 1029 Words

Platos Theory of Human Nature In my opinion, Socrates’ analysis of human nature is very true as it ultimately brings us his definition of justice. I agree with his theory of human nature but not his social-political theory. In order to understand Plato’s theory of human nature and his social-political theory, we must examine each one of them closely. Plato believed that no one is self-sufficient enough to live individually. Human beings are not created equally; some of us are born wiser then the rest and some of us are just born stronger. For this reason, only the select few (which would be the guardians) among us are supposed to know what is best for the society and therefore becomes the ruler of everyone else. Our†¦show more content†¦After that, Thrasymachus came up with his own definition of justice which is nothing more than the advantage of the stronger; those in positions of power use law to decide what is right. The kind of justice practiced anywhere depends on the type of gove rnment they have in power. Socrates does not disagree with this view if the facts about the society are as Thrasymachus says they are, however, he argues that sometimes rulers make mistakes. In that case obedience to the law maybe leads to its own disadvantage, therefore Thrasymachus’s definition is also inadequate. Furthermore, Socrates says that the best ruler must always know how to rule. They should rule for the art of ruling, but not their own interest alone. Later, Glaucon suggests that human beings, given an opportunity to do injustice without being caught and therefore without suffering any punishment or loss of good reputation, would naturally choose a life of injustice, in order to maximize their own interests. Glaucons definition of justice is that it’s an equal contract, an approach between what is the best (doing injustice without paying the penalty) and the worse (suffering injustice without being able to avenge one self). Adieamantus narrows the discussion further by pointing out that to have a good reputation of justice is more important than justice is itself, whether or not that person really does have a good reputation ofShow MoreRelatedPlato s Theory Of Human Nature1254 Words   |  6 PagesPlato is an outstanding philosophers that not only has influenced through philosophical ideas but also question the ideas of human nature that are brought up within the natural human in life. Plato, was born in Classic Athens, 427 BC, he has elaborated upon various works including on discussing idealism and theories of forms presented. Plato is been recognized to make quite the allegories and metaphors to the human life. He also has demonstrated an important persistent to search for the truth. 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Since Aristotle found faults in Plato, hence their work is easily comparable as it is based on theRead MoreThe Philosophy of Thomas Hobbs Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems of social and political order: that how human beings can keep away the terror of civil and difference to live together in peace and got authorize to decide every social and political matter. Otherwise state of nature anticipate us and closely remind us of civil war where there everyone have insecurity and fear violent death and human cooperation. Hobbes himself had complex view of human motivation that most researcher accept. He see that human beings are much more self-interested. (Hobbes)Read MoreIs Dualism Best? The Nature Of Consciousness? Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesBest Explains the Nature of Consciousness The three theories we have discussed so far are the dualism theory of Plato and Descartes, the Aristotelian theory, and the Physicalism (identity) theory of Place and Strong. 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Many have scrutinized and compared the dissimilarities and similarities of Aristotles doctrine of categories and Platos theory of forms. The observations found are of an interesting nature. The beauty behind the writings of Plato is to not accept whatRead MorePlato s Theory Of The Forms1704 Words   |  7 Pages Plato’s Theory of the Forms Travis Meyer PHI 1090 Introduction to Philosophy 12/16/2015 Plato was a Greek philosopher, mathematician, and theologian who lived from 424 BC to 348 BC in Athens, Greece. Plato was born into a high class family in Greece and therefore was very active in the Athenian community since he was from a high status family. He was the founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. He is known to be one of the best

Investigating The Factors That Were Prevalent And Hampered...

The purpose of this report is to investigate the major factors that were prevalent and hindered the teamwork at Oceanic Consultants Pvt Ltd, India in the year-2012 when I joined the organization as an academic counsellor. 1. IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP IN TEAMWORK Both motivation and leadership are the foundation to a company’s success and in the absence of any of these a company can loss its position and reputation in the market. These two factors helps the employees to behave and perform in certain way by keeping them orderly and focused to accomplish a goal (Bowditch et al., 2008). It gives a perceptual check to individuals to help them to sense the world by establishing social reality and providing meaning to events and situations (Nahavandi, 2012). I am going to use following theories in support of my points:- †¢ Herzberg’s Two factor Theory †¢ McGregor’s Theory X, Theory Y †¢ Situational Leadership Theory †¢ Path Goal Leadership Theory 2 DESCRIPTION OF EVENTS 2.1 Lack of motivation and effective communication among employees When I joined the organization I found that all the employees preferred individuality over team work. The major problems that the firm was experiencing, was lack of motivation among its employees. They did not have any specified goal and were not given responsibilities to perform which results in a lack of initiative. Even the company policies were very rigid and for the same domains the pay structure was entirely differentiated.

Pharmacology free essay sample

Please answer the following case study questions using the knowledge gained in this course. Remember to cite your references in APA format. Answer the questions in complete sentences and spell-check your Assignment. Each question is worth 4 points. Case 1 A patient calls the physician’s office because she is concerned that her prescription medication looks different from what she normally takes. She mentions that her co-pay was lower too. 1. What are some initial questions you should ask the patient to gather information the physician might need? I would ask the patient what is the name of the drug on her medication bottle and what she was taking them for. I would also ask what color, shape, size and what is written on the pill itself. 2. Critically evaluating the situation, what are three possible explanations of the difference in appearance and cost of the medication? The medication can be a new generic name that her insurance may help cover that is more cost efficient. Diazepam and the active metabolite of clorazepate is more rapidly absorbed than other commonly used benzodiazepines. b. Clorazepate, a prodrug, is converted to its active form, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), by acid hydrolysis in the stomach. 6. Explain why benzodiazepines cross biological membranes freely and distribute rapidly in various organ systems including brain and placenta. a. Most of hypnotics and sedatives are lipid soluble and thus have rapid onset of central nervous system effects. b. All sedative-hypnotics cross the placental barrier during pregnancy. Explain the mechanism of action of Flumazenil a. Competitive antagonists with high affinity for the BZ binding site b. It blocks many of the actions of benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone c. Flumazenil is approved for use in reversing the central nervous system depressant effects of benzodiazepine overdose and to hasten recovery in anesthetic and diagnostic procedures.

Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy

Introduction The following essay tries to answer the question that whether or not Economic and political liberalism can lead to democracy, but not the other way around. The essay also examines the importance of the concept of economic and political liberalism and the relationship between liberalism and democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However it is important to define the terms liberalism, economic liberalism, political liberalism as well as democracy so as to have an understanding of what they entails. Liberalism encompasses the concept of equal rights as well as individual liberty. Liberalism was as a result of the classical liberalism as well as the social liberalism which existed in the eighteenth century and ninetieth century respectively. Economic liberalism refers to the economic philosophy which supports the concept of private ownership of property. Political liberalism on the other hand entails the freedom that the people are given to be involved with the decisions in society and so the individuals are thus allowed to exercise their constitutional rights. Democracy refers to a concept that is applied by the government and in which case power is indirectly held by citizens usually in a free and independent electoral system. Importance of democracy and liberalism Liberal International which is a world wide alliance of liberal institutions as well as political parties was formed in 1947 and its main aim is to establish the cross-cultural connections across the globe. The federation has with time managed to ensure liberty of the individuals. For instance, the federation’s establishment of a judiciary that is independent and free, freedom of speech and association among others are some of its achievements. Liberalism has changed the political environment in that it has translated it from di ctatorship to a constitutional one. The other achievement is boosting of free markets through promotion and geographical expansion. Liberalism is also associated with globalization and many scholars believe that globalization is a by product of liberalism that was introduced in 18th century. Democracy on the other hand is being viewed by scholars around the world to be the ideal form of political governance.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is due to the fact that the people’s rights are usually safeguards as a result of democracy. It ensures that there is peaceful coexistence among the individuals and this in turn enhances the economic development (Berman 139). Relationship between liberalism and democracy Charles Boix who was a scholar argued that economic liberalism is created with democracy and usually leads to productive processes, wealth generation and most i mportantly it enhances the propensity and well being of the society. He argues that most successful countries around the world practices democracy in their governance. These countries which practices democracy have their per capita income of over $7,000 which is in contrast with those who are governed by dictators (Boix 178). The position of liberals and democrats Liberalism is concerned with the assignment of freedom as well as maintenance of human dignity as much as possible in any social situation. Liberalism means freedom for all without any form of discrimination to individuals of any given race, color, religion group etc. Both liberty and equality complements one another and they do not conflict one another at all. One’s freedom limits the freedom of another and this implies that liberalism as a theory in political science is ideal for study. Abundance of life is only achievable where there is freedom and therefore life and freedom are reasonably inseparable. Therefore, liberalism discourages any act of violence as much as possible and it thus offers justice to the innocent. Liberals also recognizes that life and society in general are subject to changes from time to time and therefore they try to come up with new concepts regarding liberalism each and every time so as to keep in track with the changing dynamism. Though conflicts exist between liberalism on one hand and democracy on the other hand, the two are usually complementary. Democracy which is a type of government involves the majority rule. Democracy could be perceived as oppressive especially where the minority groups are oppressed by the majority where majority groups dominate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contradictions between Economic liberalism and democracy The concept that ‘economic and political liberalism can lead to de mocracy, but not the other way around’ is not true. Many countries around the world started practicing democracy in their governance recently after observing the United States and European nations practice it. The concept of democracy has thus led to violence and instability particularly in Middle East and the main cause of instability and violence is the fact that when democracy arises before the preconditions for economic liberalism are met, then the rule of law will be violated and hence democracy will not be attained. The political institutions that enhance democracy are deemed to be necessary before democracy can occur. Such institutions include organized parties, professional news media and the rule of law. Farid and Robert emphasizes that the economic as well political liberalism are not the main factors that must be present for democracy to exist and so, there is need to consider other factors such as electing good leaders instead of dictators(Berman 141). Problems ar e bound to arise once a country practices democracy for the first time. There are those countries which do not have history as far as liberalism is concerned and therefore, experimenting democracy implies that those leaders who get into power illegally will tend to counter democracy at the expense of their power. The leaders can thus decide to cause political tensions in an effort to resist democracy as they view democracy as a tool to deprive them the powers they have been enjoying (Zakaria 95). Many developing nations around the world such as Philipines,Venezuela,Kazakhstan among others have indeed experienced problems as a result of experiencing democracy. The citizens are the ones who are greatly affected as the leaders’ battle with the inception of democracy (Kagan 118). Zakaria in his analysis of the modernization theory held the view that those governments who are ruled by dictators are much better as compared to the ones that are governed by democracies. He also viewe d that democracy has been as a result of the industrialization and economic growth as well and the two must exist if democracy is to be attained.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He argues that the period between 1950s and 1960s saw many governments faced with the problems of budgetary deficits, inflation and low economic growth when they encompassed democracy in their governance. This thus made many people to prefer for dictatorship instead of democracy following the adverse effects that were associated with democracy the progress to democracy therefore is marathon implying that the economic wealth must be present for the democracy to be attained effectively. Thus, no democracy can exist where there is no economic growth (Kagan 120). Political scientists among them Adam Prezeworski argued that economic development thrived well in those countries that have dictatorship system of government. According to him, democracy is a by-product of the economic development that is realized as a result of dictatorship. Most developing nations across the world have preferred dictatorship to democracy due to the economic success that is associated with dictatorship form of governance (Kagan 120). Zakaria used the anti-democratic views that were drawn by Huntington in late 1960’s.Huntington in his analysis held the view that order must indeed precede liberty as far as developing nations are concerned. Authoritarian countries sometimes push for the economic reforms in order to modernize their countries as Japan did in 19th century. In an attempt to modernize their countries, Huntington held the view that legitimate public order is the main concern rather than mere liberty. In this remarks, Huntington argued that developed nations such as the United States considered their governance system first before democracy and therefore the developing countries needs to follow suit if they are to be successful. A country should first pay attention to its citizens before it can decide on how it should operate. Order must therefore precede liberty and democracy (Kagan 121). Once a country adopts democracy when it is not ready for it, the democracy tends to b ecome destructive for the people. This is in contrary with the expectations because democracy is vested with the role of liberating citizens and not subjecting them to terrible situations. This problem of immature democracy has been deemed as the greatest challenge in the world and many people have opted tyranny instead (Kagan 121-122). In his narrative of the modernization paradigm, Zakaria argued that past dictatorships of some governments helped to liberalize people by improving their lives. The dictators actually came up with decisions that helped the economies to grow. The also liberalized the legal system of the economy as well as travel and worship rights. This was important because democracies would not have been possible if the dictatorships had not laid the groundwork. Dictatorship could be portrayed in the regime of some rulers in places like Taiwan and South Korea around 1950s among other places (Kagan 124). However, Zakaria view that dictatorship promotes development an d the development in turn leads to democracy were contested by Adam Prezeworski in his Harvard International Review. Adam Prezeworski argued that dictatorship and democracies do not affect the economic growth of a nation. This is due to the fact that a country may remain poor despite the type of regime it decides to adopt. He further argued that some countries like Japan and Ireland have managed to fight poverty through democracy and economic growth. Dictatorial leaders in Malaysia and Singapore have also managed to fight poverty through dictatorship in their ruling. This indicates that there may be no direct relationship between democracy and economic growth in most of the cases. Also, only a few people have ever claimed to have enjoyed liberty as a result of elections. Liberal governance therefore that is concerned with protecting the rights of individuals may not always linked with choosing leaders through democracy (Kagan 126-127). Conclusion To conclude the discussion entailing the correlation that exists between liberalism and democracy and the relationship between democracy and economic development, it is worth to note that the government responsiveness with regards to the needs of its citizens is paramount for the democracy to be attained. Citizens on the other hand must also take the initiative and formulate their preferences so that the government can have a clue on what they actually needs and thus come up with solutions (Dahl 85-86). Those countries that encompass dictatorship are deemed to do better economically as compared to those that practice democracy. According to Zakaria, liberal democracy in the world has not been achieved by many countries and he noted that nearly half of the nations are experiencing dictatorship. Autocracy on the other hand, conflicts with state building and the rule of law. Those nations that shift to practice democracy usually encounter many difficulties as far as the rule of law is concerned. Therefore, in order for c ountries top advance economically and in turn raise the living standards of their citizens, they must strengthen the rule of law. However, the progress towards strengthening rule of law is not easy or nor is it inevitable as far as democracy is concerned. Those countries that are democratizing usually struggles hard in developing the rule of law and the various aspects of democratization that exists usually contribute problems to the rule of law (Carothers 155-159). The efforts by the government of the United States should be directed towards promoting democracy in the entire world in order to ensure peaceful coexistence and economic and political stability. However, the democracy have been criticized in recent years with the negative effects of autocratic regimes that have been brought down and introduction of the electoral democratic system in Palestine, Iraq as well as Africa. The democracy has led to political tensions, massive killings. Also, democracy should thus not to be con sidered as good governance and should also be differentiated with liberalism. Works Cited Berman, Sheri. How Democracies Emerge: Lessons form Europe. Journal of  Democracy. London: Frank Cass, 2007 Boix, Carles. Democracy and redistribution. London: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Carothers, Thomas. How democracies Emerge. London: Taylor Francis, 2007 Dahl, Robert et.al.The democracy sourcebook. Massachusset: MIT Press, 2003. Kagan, Richard.Taiwans’ statesman: Lee Teng-Hui and democracy in Asia.  Pennslavania: Naval Institute Press, 2007. Zakaria, Fareed.The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Indiana: Indiana University Press.1997 This essay on Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy was written and submitted by user Reed N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Analysis Of “What The Sokal Hoax Ought To Teach Us”

The analysis by Paul Boghossian is about the contradictions in an article submitted by a theoretical physicist, Alan Sokal. This author first had to discover the meaning of â€Å"postmodern relativism.† According to Professor Richard Evans of Cambridge University: â€Å"postmodernism is a convenient label covering a wide variety of positions, not a unitary body of theory, and recognizes that some of these positions are mutually contradictory or antagonistic† (In Defense of History: Reply to Critics).† This was my starting point in trying to understand and comprehend what Mr. Boghossian was trying to interpret. In the writer’s opinion, Mr. Boghossian is concerned with the knowledge base of the editors that approved and submitted the article by Mr. Sokal for publication. Another concern is the submission and subsequent admission by Mr. Sokal that his essay was merely a â€Å"farrago of solecisms, howlers, and non-sequiturs† so as to look good and flatter the ideological preconceptions of the editors of Social Text.† Are scholars willing to publish an essay to which they haven’t a clue as to what the author is trying to present? Mr. Boghossian’s main concern: How does this affect the ethics of academia? Boghossian’s epistemological concerns regarding relativism are as old as science itself. The challenge from post modernity, however, is more fundamental, because it challenges not only what science does, but what science is (Broks, p 77). Boghossian is trying to expose the disruption and instability, and loss of absolutes of earlier periods by referencing the possibility of a new â€Å"liberatory mathematics† that is inadequate and not based on the absolute framework of the Zermelo-Fraenkel framework of mathematics that is taught to all school age children. Is it possible that 2+2 may someday equal 5? In the writer’s opinion, Boghossian is trying to bring the public back into the realm of science and â€Å"critical thinking† ... Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"What The Sokal Hoax Ought To Teach Us† Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"What The Sokal Hoax Ought To Teach Us† The analysis by Paul Boghossian is about the contradictions in an article submitted by a theoretical physicist, Alan Sokal. This author first had to discover the meaning of â€Å"postmodern relativism.† According to Professor Richard Evans of Cambridge University: â€Å"postmodernism is a convenient label covering a wide variety of positions, not a unitary body of theory, and recognizes that some of these positions are mutually contradictory or antagonistic† (In Defense of History: Reply to Critics).† This was my starting point in trying to understand and comprehend what Mr. Boghossian was trying to interpret. In the writer’s opinion, Mr. Boghossian is concerned with the knowledge base of the editors that approved and submitted the article by Mr. Sokal for publication. Another concern is the submission and subsequent admission by Mr. Sokal that his essay was merely a â€Å"farrago of solecisms, howlers, and non-sequiturs† so as to look good and flatter the ideological preconceptions of the editors of Social Text.† Are scholars willing to publish an essay to which they haven’t a clue as to what the author is trying to present? Mr. Boghossian’s main concern: How does this affect the ethics of academia? Boghossian’s epistemological concerns regarding relativism are as old as science itself. The challenge from post modernity, however, is more fundamental, because it challenges not only what science does, but what science is (Broks, p 77). Boghossian is trying to expose the disruption and instability, and loss of absolutes of earlier periods by referencing the possibility of a new â€Å"liberatory mathematics† that is inadequate and not based on the absolute framework of the Zermelo-Fraenkel framework of mathematics that is taught to all school age children. Is it possible that 2+2 may someday equal 5? In the writer’s opinion, Boghossian is trying to bring the public back into the realm of science and â€Å"critical thinking† ...

The importance of integrity and leadership Essay

The importance of integrity and leadership - Essay Example As employees are instrumental in driving a company’s bottom-line integrity and leadership impact organizational performance. The review also found a positive correlation between profits and focus on corporate social responsibility. As the world is still struggling to come out of the 2008 financial crisis, people have realized the need to follow strong ethical conduct in business dealings. Most of the organizations in the early 21st century started following the practice of rewarding the managers, who showed high profits, with huge bonuses and pay packets with no regard to the means they were adopting. Corruption, back stabbing and data fudging by managers were accepted as part of the game and the performance linked bonuses increased their greed at every success. This review aims to understand how ethics and leadership impact an organization. It attempts to understand how a leader can demonstrate ethical behavior and what impact it has on the overall performance of the organization? The importance of integrity and leadership has always been an important topic for study by researchers. This can be demonstrated by a number of studies that were done during the late 20th century to show the link between ethics and business performance as well as leadership integrity. Preston conducted a research on 67 companies over a period of 11 years to find out whether there was any causal relationship between financial performance and the company’s CSR policy (Corporate Social Responsibility which can be considered as a proxy to integrity) (Verschoor, 1998). He found that there was no significant negative relationship between the two. However, he found that both were positively related implying higher the CSR performance (integrity perception) higher the business performance. Other studies too found a positive relation between the two. There were some studies which found no or mixed relation

Henry Fayols Principles of Management Assignment

Henry Fayols Principles of Management - Assignment Example Equity. There should be a fair and equal treatment of all employees by the management. In an organization, the rules and regulations should apply equally to all personnel. There should not be any form of discrimination against any of the employee or to favor any of them. Authority. The managers of any organization should be in a position to give orders and ensure that all orders adhere. For instance, the instructions and rules given by the management should be adhered and respected by all employees. Discipline. Employees of an organization must respect the rules, regulations, and the laws that govern the organization. This will ensure there is clear cooperation between the management and employees. The employees must follow all the instructions, and be responsible for all the activities allocated to them. Unity of command. There should be a defined source of orders and information in an organization. The source of the orders and information should come from the highest level of management to the employees at the lowest level. Unity of direction. Any organization should have clear objectives that are to be achieved by the collective activities of all the employees in the organization. These objectives should be achievable. All the organization’s activities should be tailored towards the achievement of the objectives. Subordination of individual interest to the general interest. The objectives of the organization must supersede the objectives of each individual. All the employees in an organization should have the same objectives of achieving the overall organizational goals. Their objectives should not prevent the achievement of the organizational goals. Remuneration. All the employees in an organization must get adequate rewards for their service in the organization. The input of an employee should be equal to the outputs derived. There should be no exploitation of any  employee.

Slump Test With Relevant British Standards

Slump Test With Relevant British Standards Describe the slump test in accordance with relevant British Standard and indicate why it is an important test. How would concrete workability be determined if the concrete is required to be very dry? In accordance with relevant British Standards (BS EN 12350-2:2009), the slump test is important as it determines the consistency of fresh concrete. The fresh concrete is compacted into a mould in the shape of a cone. When the cone is withdrawn upwards, the distance the concrete has slumped provides a measure of the consistency of the concrete. This is the basic principle of the slump test. The sample of the concrete is obtained in accordance with BS EN 12350-1(British Standards Institute, 2009a). When undertaking the task of the slump test, the mould and base plate are dampened and the mould is placed on the horizontal base plate. During filling of the mould, it is held firmly against the base plate by clamping in place or by standing on the two foot pieces. The mould is filled in three layers, each approximately one-third of the height of the mould when compacted. Each layer is compacted with twenty five strokes of the tamping rod. The strokes are uniformly distributed over the cross section of each layer. For the bottom layer the rod is slightly inclined and positioned approximately half the strokes towards the centre. The first layer is compacted throughout its depth, taking care in not striking the base. The second layer and the top layer are compacted throughout its depth, so that the strokes just penetrate into the immediately underlying layer. In filling and compacting the top layer, the concrete is heaped above the mould before tamping is started. If the tamping operation of the top layer results in subsidence of the concrete below the top edge of the mould, then more concrete is added to keep an excess above the top of the mould. After the top layer has been compacted, the surface of the concrete is struck off by means of a sawing and rolling motion of the compacting rod (British Standards Institute, 2009b). Subsequently, the spilled concrete is removed from the base plate. The mould is removed from the concrete by raising it carefully in an upwards direction. Immediately after removal of the mould, the slump is measured and recorded by determining the difference between the height of the mould and that of the highest point of the slumped test specimen as shown in figure 1. The consistency of a concrete mix changes with time. This is due to hydration of the cement and loss of moisture. Thus, tests on different samples should be carried out at a constant time interval after mixing, if comparable results are to be obtained (Wikipedia, 2010a). The test is only valid if it yields a true slump. This is the slump in which the concrete remains substantially intact and symmetrical as shown in Figure 2(a). If the specimen shears, as shown in Figure 2(b), another sample is taken and the procedure repeated. If two consecutive tests show a portion of the concrete shearing off from the mass of the test specimen, then the concrete lacks the necessary plasticity and cohesiveness for the slump test to be suitable. This is why the slump test is important and appropriate for concrete mixes of medium and high workability concrete. There are other tests to establish workability of concrete. If the concrete is required to be very dry, then this will depend on the water/cement ratio (w/c) of the mixture which has a control over the final properties of the concrete. Selection of a w/c ratio gives the engineer control over two desirable properties. These are strength and workability. A mixture with a high w/c will be more workable than a mixture with a low w/c i.e. it will flow easier. The less workable the mixture, the stronger the concrete will be. The water/cement ratio needs to be about 0.25 to complete the hydration reaction. Typical values of w/c are between 0.35 and 0.40 because they give a good amount of workability without sacrificing a lot of strength (Concrete, 2010). The vebe test is appropriate for concrete mixes of low and very low workability. This method is a mechanised variation of the slump test and determines the workability of concrete. The concrete is subjected to vibration after removal of the slump cone. It is then mounted upon a vibrating table operating at a fixed amplitude and frequency. The time to complete the required vibration gives an indication of the concrete workability. The vebe test is done in accordance to BS EN 12350-3:2009 (British Standards Institute, 2009e). Workability of fresh concrete and the fluidity of the concrete at different water/cement ratio will affect the casting and finishing of the concrete specimen. Strength of the concrete will also be affected. Concrete workability can be determined by many methods. This includes confined flow test methods e.g. compacting factor test, free flow test methods. These methods include slump test and vibration test methods e.g. the vebe test as previously mentioned (ELE International, 2010). (816 Words) In concrete mixing, describe briefly the mixing procedure. Why concrete is being mixed in dry state for 60s first, then after water is added and further mixed for 90s? Concrete is formed by mixing cement, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water. This is with or without the incorporation of admixtures and additions, which develops its properties by hydration of the cement. Mixing the water with the cement glues the aggregate together, fills voids within it, and allows it to run more easily. The object of mixing concrete is to coat the surface of all aggregate particles with cement paste and to blend all the ingredients of concrete into a uniform mass. This uniformity must not be disturbed when discharging from the mixer (Neville, A. M, 1981a, p226). With concrete, there is an inclination on site to mix it as quickly as possible. It is therefore important to know what the minimum mixing time necessary to produce a concrete uniform in composition and of satisfactory strength. The time varies with the type of mixer and number of revolutions which is the criteria for adequate mixing and not essentially the mixing time. The are three main options for mixing concrete. These options are mixing by hand, which is probably only suitable where less than about  ¼m ³ of concrete is required; using a cement mixer, which is generally suitable where between about  ¼m ³ and 2m ³ of concrete is required; and finally buying in ready mix for jobs requiring more than about 2m ³ of concrete which is best and cost effective to buy in a lorry load of ready mixed concrete. The above quantities are only rough guidelines (Practical DIY, 2010). With mixing concrete, the mixing procedure includes the loading method, the discharge method, the mixing time, and the mixing energy. The loading method includes the order of loading the constituents into the mixer and also the duration of the loading period. The duration of this period depends on how long the constituents are mixed dry before the addition of water and how fast the constituents are loaded. The loading period is extended from the time when the first constituent is introduced in the mixer to when all the constituents are in the mixer. Dry mixing is the mixing that occurs during loading but before water is introduced. Wet mixing is the mixing after or while water is being introduced, but still during loading. This means that materials are introduced any time during the loading period: all before the water, all after the water, partially before and partially after. The loading period is important because some of the concrete properties will depend on the order in which t he constituents are introduced in the mixer. The discharge from the mixer should be arranged so that it increases productivity and it does not modify the homogeneity of the concrete (Concrete-Catalog, 2010). Figure 3 shows the relationship between the range of strengths of the specimen made from the given mix after a specific mixing time. Figure 3 is based on Shalons tests. It shows how compressive strength is affected by the mixing time. It also shows the minimum, mean and maximum values (Neville, A. M, 1981b) Figure 4 shows the same tests but plotted as a coefficient of variation against mixing time. From the graph it shows that mixing for less than sixty seconds and ninety seconds produces a noticeably more variable concrete. Prolonging the mixing time beyond the values results in no significant improvement in uniformity. (Neville, A. M, 1981c) This would suggest why the mixing process is no less than sixty seconds and ninety seconds for each process e.g. when mixing the dry state for sixty seconds then adding water and mixing for a further ninety seconds. Figure 5 shows the results of Abrams tests. It shows how the average strength of concrete also increases with an increase in mixing time. The rate of increase falls quickly beyond one minute and is not significant beyond two minutes with sometimes a slight decrease in strength been observed (Neville, A. M, 1981d). This would suggest why concrete is mixed in dry state for sixty seconds first as the strength falls quickly beyond this and why after water is added it is mixed for a further ninety seconds. This is because the strength increase would not be significant beyond this time with a slight decrease in strength observed as stated earlier. The influence of mixing time from thirty seconds to one minute permits a saving in the cement content of as much as thirty kilograms per cubic metre. This was calculated by Shalon which shows how within the first minute the influence of mixing time on strength is of significant importance. This would assist the fact why the concrete is mixed for sixty seconds first. Thus saving cement content which would have an effect on strength as well as cost. With the concrete being mixed in a dry state for 60 seconds, then water added and further mixed for 90 seconds, there are no universal rules in the order to add the water and concrete. This can depend on the properties of the mix and the mixer. The mixing time is from the time all the solid materials have been put in the mixer. When a dry mix is used however, it is necessary to feed some water and the coarse aggregate as otherwise the surface does not become adequately wetted. If the coarse aggregate is not present to begin with then sand or the cement could become stuck in the mixer. If the cement or water is fed too fast then balls may form. Normally, a small amount of water should be fed first followed by the materials. These are, if possible fed simultaneously into the mixer. The greater part of the water should be fed during the same time if possible with the remainder fed after the solids (Neville, A. M, 1981e). With stiff mixes, it is found to be suitable to feed the sand first, part of the coarse aggregate, cement, then the water and lastly the remainder of the coarse aggregate to break up any round masses of mortar (Neville, A. M, 1981f). (1,022 Words) Describe different ways to be applied to cure concrete on site Curing concrete on site can be done using many methods. These include retaining formwork in-situ, constant fog spraying, ponding, polythene sheet, steam cure, hydrothermal processes and surface applied materials. Fogging during and after placing and finishing also helps minimize plastic cracking in concretes with very low water-cement ratios. This is especially around a water-cement ratio of 0.30 or less (Curing Concrete, 2010). Ponding as a curing method is easily done. A waterproof wall is needed to form around the concrete, using either the form the concrete was poured into, or a wall of sandbags. Once the wall is formed, the concrete is flooded with water. The added moisture from the flood will keep the concrete from drying out before the bonding process is completed (E-How, 2010). Airtight polythene sheeting is an efficient way of preventing moisture loss. It should be placed on a concrete slab as soon as the concrete is hard enough to prevent surface damage or marking. With sprayed membranes, these are designed to form a superficial seal on the concrete, preventing water evaporating. Although some prevent subsequent adhesion of screeds or applied finishes (BRMCA, 2010a). Steam curing is a process for hardening concrete that involves exposure to warm steam. Steam curing requires a fraction of the time involved with traditional curing and quickly strengthens the products so they can be used immediately (Wisegeek, 2010). (218 Words) Why is curing important? Curing is important to prevent concrete from drying out too soon. Well cured concrete is stronger, more resistant to chemical attack and traffic wear. It is also more watertight with curing. It withstands freezing and abrasion better with the processes of curing. Most curing is done by using polythene sheeting or a sprayed membrane. Leaving the formwork in place is also possible, except for slabs, where the large surface area will soon dry if left unprotected. Curing should always start before the concrete begins to dry out and continue for a period depending on the strength gain of the concrete. Poor curing will result in poor concrete, lower strength, lower durability, dusty surface and a weaker surface (BRMCA, 2010b). To obtain good concrete it must be cured in a suitable environment to allow the concrete to achieve its strength. Hydration and hardening is critical for the first three days. Curing is important In order for sufficient heat and humidity to be maintained within the mix during hydration. Curing allows concrete to achieve its strength, minimise cracking, minimise shrinkage and prevent losses of water. Well cured concrete has better surface hardness and therefore is more watertight. Concrete needs to be cured under controlled temperature and humidity in order to obtain good concrete (Wikipedia, 2010b). As previously discussed, sufficiently cured concrete will exhibit greater durability, wear resistance, and gain strength faster. Cured concrete will also have better resistance to freeze thaw damage. Improperly cured concrete can be subject to plastic shrinkage cracking (loss of moisture from fresh concrete) and drying shrinkage (loss of moisture from concrete that has set) among other undesired side effects (All Concrete, 2010). Curing is of particular importance on horizontal surfaces; dry, hot or windy conditions; wear resistant floors; and high strength floors. Abrasion resistance is dependent on good curing but also relies on other factors (Newman, J and Choo, B, 2003). (301 Words) Discuss the use of recycled concrete aggregate in concrete Recycled concrete aggregate is aggregate resulting from the processing of inorganic material previously used in construction and principally comprising crushed concrete (British Standards Institute, 2006). The process of recycling of concrete is a fairly straightforward process. It involves breaking, removing, and crushing existing concrete into a material with a specified size and quality. The quality of concrete with recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) is dependent on the quality of the recycled material used. If there is reinforced steel and other embedded items, these must be removed, and care must be taken to prevent contamination by other materials that can be difficult, such as asphalt, soil, chlorides, glass, paper, plaster, wood etc. The removal of the contaminants is done through selective demolition, screening, air separation and size reduction which is done in a crusher to aggregate size. After this, the crushed concrete can be used as new concrete for pavements, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, structural grade concrete and also bituminous concrete (Concrete Technology, 2010). The use of recycled concrete material (RCM) as an aggregate substitute in pavement construction includes its use in granular and stabilized base, engineered fill and Portland cement concrete pavement applications. Other applications include its use as an aggregate in flowable fill, hot mix asphalt concrete and surface treatments. To be used as an aggregate, RCM must be processed to remove as much foreign debris and reinforcing steel as possible as discussed previously. Reinforcing steel is sometimes removed before loading and hauling to a central processing plant. Most processing plants have a primary and secondary crusher. The primary crusher breaks the reinforcing steel from the concrete and reduces the concrete rubble to a maximum size of 75 mm to 100 mm. As the material is conveyed to the secondary crusher, steel is removed by an electromagnetic separator. Secondary crushing further breaks down the RCM, which is then screened to the desired grade. To avoid inadvertent segregation of particle sizes, coarse and fine RCM aggregates are stockpiled separately (TTHRC, 2010). Recycled concrete aggregates can be used in many things. With bitumen bound materials, recycled concrete aggregate can be used in a variety of base course and binder course mixtures. In concrete, recycled concrete aggregate is permitted for use in certain grades of concrete. In pipe bedding, a suitably graded recycled concrete aggregate is used. In hydraulically bound mixtures (HBM) recycled concrete aggregate can be suitable for use in HBMs with suitably graded recycled concrete aggregate used as a subbase. In capping, recycled concrete aggregate is suitable for capping applications and embankments. Suitably graded recycled concrete aggregate can also be used as fill (Wrap, 2010). With regards to RCA properties, research carried out in Australia indicates that in general, recycled concrete can be used as natural aggregate in ready mixed concrete with satisfactory performance for low grade concrete. There are also marginal differences in compressive strength and a 10% reduction in strength characteristics. The issues are due to drying shrinkage which is higher compared with natural aggregates as well as a 10% difference in tensile properties (Guy R. Woolley, 2000). Waste arising from construction and demolition constitutes one of the largest waste streams within the European Union and many other countries. Construction demolition waste has become a global concern which is why a sustainable solution is needed. This is why recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) should be promoted, although the aggregate for concrete applications must meet the requirements set in relevant specifications for its particular use. Recycling and reuse of demolition waste may not always be economic or practical and in some cases may be impacted by the external issues i.e. regulatory and planning controls. If the construction industry and its need for aggregates are considered, then recycling of concrete would give both economic and environmental benefits as well as making the construction industry more sustainable (M C Limbachiya et al, 2004). (673 Words)

Growth of Sammy in John Updikes A&P :: A&P John Updike

The Growth of Sammy in Updike’s A & P  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the story "A&P," by John Updike, the main character Sammy makes the leap from an adolescent, knowing little more about life than what he has learned working at the local grocery store, into a man prepared for the rough road that lies ahead. As the story begins, Sammy is nineteen and has no real grasp for the fact that he is about to be living on his own working to support himself. Throughout the course of the story, he changes with a definite step into, first, a young man realizing that he must get out of the hole he is in and further into a man, who has a grasp on reality looking forward to starting his own family. In the beginning, Sammy is but a youth growing up learning what he knows about life in small town grocery store. His role models include, Stokesie, the twenty-two year-old, supporting a family doing the same job Sammy does yet aspiring to one day have the manager's position, and Lengel, the store manager who most certainly started out in the same place that Stokesie an d he were already in. Stoksie, the great role model, continues to be as adolescent as Sammy, with his "Oh, Daddy, I feel so faint," and even Sammy sees this noting that "as far as I can tell that's the only difference (between he and I)." Sammy whittles away his days looking at pretty girls and thinking about the ways of people. He hardly realizes that this is how he will spend his entire existence if he doesn't soon get out of this job. During this day that will prove to change his life, he makes the step towards his realization. He decides that he doesn't want to spend the rest of his life working at an A&P competing for the store manager's position. Sammy thinks to himself about his parent's current social class and what they serve at cocktail parties. And, in turn, he thinks about what he will be serving, if he stays at the A&P, "When my parents have somebody over they get lemonade and if it's a real racy affair Schlitz in tall glasses with 'They'll Do It Every Time' cartoons st enciled on." He must get out and the sooner the better. He is still just an adolescent who hasn't completely thought through his decision and yet his mind is made up.

Stanislavski- Method Acting and Its Importance

Stanislavski and ‘The Method’ â€Å"To become a successful actor one must erase personal experience and emotions and build their character from nothing. † – Lee Strasburg. Konstantin Sergeyevich Alexeyev was born in Moscow, Russia in 1863. He was first seen on stage at the age of seven and at the age of twenty-one he changed his stage name to Konstantin Stanislavski. He was founder of the first acting â€Å"system†, co-founder of the Moscow Theatre (1897), and a renowned practitioner of the naturalist school of thought. In 1987 he also met Russian playwright, Anton Chekov.Stanislavski’s process of character development, the â€Å"Stanislavski Method†, was the means for method acting. It was, and still is, the most influential acting system on the modern stage and screen. After enrolling at Moscow’s Drama School, he left after three weeks of not being satisfied with the training. Back then, rehearsals were very casual. Actors woul d walk on stage and deliver their lines with the text in front of them. There was no attempt in making the acting a reality. He felt the need to change theatre and thought that it was important that the actor’s skill should involve more than shallow techniques.The acting needs to have genuine feeling. To give the audience feeling we must first create the feeling for ourselves. This is why personal experiences are important as they possess what we have felt in the past, present and future. We can re-collect emotions such as happiness or sadness and use these to act with feeling and convey a message to the audience. Humans have many emotions that they mask at one time. In class, students are shown experiential learning. Methods and activities such as; Emotional recall and Lady Macbeth (Act 1, scene 7) can help actors create appropriate actions, thoughts and emotions for certain characters or scenes.In emotional recall, students were to recall something, where at that moment the ir lives changed or made them feel something they would never forget. Most were sad, but people tried to hold back tears while trying to speak. Most of the time the tears would just eventually flow and this gave students the sense of method acting. Collecting personal experiences helped them act with a sense of feeling and emotion. When creating a character you may need personal experiences although, you must wipe out idiosyncrasies to create an original character.Exercises such as; ‘slaps’ and ‘milling and grooving’ helped students show a part of their idiosyncrasies. ‘Slaps’ required all concentration and this established how a student would react throughout the exercise. ‘Milling and grooving’ was being able to make a connection with the eyes and communicating without speaking a word. These exercises helped maintain control and focus, while showing their idiosyncrasies without realising it. There are many techniques that have be en learnt in the Stanislavski system in relation to Lee Strasburg’s statement. Stanislavski’s method was to encourage actors to become artists in their own right.Stanislavski had to design a method to inspire his three-part System. This is now known as ‘method acting', the mechanisms used to take on a role are varied, but all focus on making an actor put their own experience, imagination and feeling into a role. Strasburg taught Stanislavski’s system, but is famous for the â€Å"Method† that he developed at the Group Theatre (although the term â€Å"method acting† generally refers to the use of Stanislavski’s system in America – â€Å"Method† with a capital M refers specifically to Strasberg’s approach). The ‘Method’ was used to create reality within an actor.Lee Strasberg suggested to the students and theatre film performers to â€Å"try not to act, be yourself, use gesture in a manner that you use i n private life. † Stanislavski wanted acting to feel and be real. Some exercises in class were; ‘Circle of attention’ and ‘beats and thoughts’. Circle of attention was making a connection with the eyes without speaking, where you had to concentrate on a set of eyes and move when the time was right. There was an inner and outer circle. If a student was about to move, the person from the outside circle could tap the student and stop them from moving. This maintained focus. Beats and thoughts’ is a skill where the actor breaks down a scene into â€Å"beats† or â€Å"bits,† short sections that end with each change of objective. Take out all your idiosyncrasies and make characterisation for your role. Break up each line and give it meaning, using pauses where necessary. This will give you the effect you need. We do this, because we must make the piece as convincing as possible and make your audience believe what you are saying, or doin g is real. You must incorporate lights and shades for the dramatic side to take effect. You need to be able to produce a convincing tone so the actions can flow when you act.As a student studying drama this made me feel like I could portray or master any character thrown at me. Beats and thoughts created emotion and characterisation that was needed to create and portray any necessary role. Method acting needs to be portrayed in theatre. Without it, the audience wouldn’t be moved by the performance. The world is better for it. Actors can persuade, make people laugh, cry, surprised, frightened, all by using method acting. Lee Strasburg’s statement is false although to act correctly you must wipe out idiosyncrasies but keep the truth (personal experiences) of emotions.This makes method acting the most influential acting system around the world. Bibliography Copyright 2011 Bradley Bishop and Trevor Jones http://www. kryingsky. com/Stan/Biography/bot. html (Last accessed 14 th March 2012) h2g2 – 2012 http://h2g2. com/dna/h2g2/A5133151 (Last accessed 14th March 2012) 2008, All rights reserved, Jamactors. com http://www. jamactors. com/articles/method_acting. php (Last accessed 14th March 2012) Class Drama Notes 2012 (Last accessed 14th March 2012) Shanelle Fairhall

Essay on The Shaping of the U.S. Constitution - 2037 Words

In the initial years of the United States a meeting of delegates appointed by the several states met for the sole purpose of revising the Articles of Confederation. The result of this meeting was the creation of the U.S. Constitution that would soon become the ultimate directive for both Federal and State Governments. Since its birth it has been revised, amended, and ratified in order to solidify the allocation of power between the separate branches of government. Although this may be the case, distribution of the powers has been disputed ever since the formation of the Constitution. These political, legal, and quasi-legal constitutional disputes triggered civil unrest and led to explicit acts of opposition involving nullification and†¦show more content†¦Nullification considered by some, as the proper exercise of a state’s constitutional right to limit federal powers, is debated by others as the definitive unbalancing of the powers given to the state by the U.S. Cons titution and Bill of Rights. Federalism: Nation v. State When the government first achieved independence from England there were thirteen individual governments. They had an agreement called the Articles of Confederation that specified how each would interact with the others and manage the states. Despite the ratification by every state the agreement soon became problematic. What ensued was the meeting of state delegates, known as the Constitutional Convention, who planned to revise the problems. As a result the U.S. Constitution was fashioned to take its place. The idea was to ultimately federalize the States. That means each State remains an individual government but also agrees to be part of a Union. Thus created a federal government that would handle those things that are best controlled by a central government, which acts on behalf of the many States. An example would be the Navy and Army. The Federal Government has the right to raise and maintain a full time standing military. The Federal government is not limited to just the enumera ted powers granted to Congress. It was also arranged that the national government would have powers not specifically stated in the Constitution, called implied powers. Although popularShow MoreRelatedThe United States And The Native Americans Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesare a lot more complex interactions once thoroughly examined. The U.S, once a colony of the Europeans, eventually grew into the strong standing nation that it is today. 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