Essay on Platos Theory of Human Nature - 1029 Words

Platos Theory of Human Nature In my opinion, Socrates’ analysis of human nature is very true as it ultimately brings us his definition of justice. I agree with his theory of human nature but not his social-political theory. In order to understand Plato’s theory of human nature and his social-political theory, we must examine each one of them closely. Plato believed that no one is self-sufficient enough to live individually. Human beings are not created equally; some of us are born wiser then the rest and some of us are just born stronger. For this reason, only the select few (which would be the guardians) among us are supposed to know what is best for the society and therefore becomes the ruler of everyone else. Our†¦show more content†¦After that, Thrasymachus came up with his own definition of justice which is nothing more than the advantage of the stronger; those in positions of power use law to decide what is right. The kind of justice practiced anywhere depends on the type of gove rnment they have in power. Socrates does not disagree with this view if the facts about the society are as Thrasymachus says they are, however, he argues that sometimes rulers make mistakes. In that case obedience to the law maybe leads to its own disadvantage, therefore Thrasymachus’s definition is also inadequate. Furthermore, Socrates says that the best ruler must always know how to rule. They should rule for the art of ruling, but not their own interest alone. Later, Glaucon suggests that human beings, given an opportunity to do injustice without being caught and therefore without suffering any punishment or loss of good reputation, would naturally choose a life of injustice, in order to maximize their own interests. Glaucons definition of justice is that it’s an equal contract, an approach between what is the best (doing injustice without paying the penalty) and the worse (suffering injustice without being able to avenge one self). Adieamantus narrows the discussion further by pointing out that to have a good reputation of justice is more important than justice is itself, whether or not that person really does have a good reputation ofShow MoreRelatedPlato s Theory Of Human Nature1254 Words   |  6 PagesPlato is an outstanding philosophers that not only has influenced through philosophical ideas but also question the ideas of human nature that are brought up within the natural human in life. Plato, was born in Classic Athens, 427 BC, he has elaborated upon various works including on discussing idealism and theories of forms presented. Plato is been recognized to make quite the allegories and metaphors to the human life. He also has demonstrated an important persistent to search for the truth. 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Since Aristotle found faults in Plato, hence their work is easily comparable as it is based on theRead MoreThe Philosophy of Thomas Hobbs Essay1748 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems of social and political order: that how human beings can keep away the terror of civil and difference to live together in peace and got authorize to decide every social and political matter. Otherwise state of nature anticipate us and closely remind us of civil war where there everyone have insecurity and fear violent death and human cooperation. Hobbes himself had complex view of human motivation that most researcher accept. He see that human beings are much more self-interested. (Hobbes)Read MoreIs Dualism Best? The Nature Of Consciousness? Essay1070 Words   |  5 PagesBest Explains the Nature of Consciousness The three theories we have discussed so far are the dualism theory of Plato and Descartes, the Aristotelian theory, and the Physicalism (identity) theory of Place and Strong. 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Investigating The Factors That Were Prevalent And Hampered...

The purpose of this report is to investigate the major factors that were prevalent and hindered the teamwork at Oceanic Consultants Pvt Ltd, India in the year-2012 when I joined the organization as an academic counsellor. 1. IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION AND LEADERSHIP IN TEAMWORK Both motivation and leadership are the foundation to a company’s success and in the absence of any of these a company can loss its position and reputation in the market. These two factors helps the employees to behave and perform in certain way by keeping them orderly and focused to accomplish a goal (Bowditch et al., 2008). It gives a perceptual check to individuals to help them to sense the world by establishing social reality and providing meaning to events and situations (Nahavandi, 2012). I am going to use following theories in support of my points:- †¢ Herzberg’s Two factor Theory †¢ McGregor’s Theory X, Theory Y †¢ Situational Leadership Theory †¢ Path Goal Leadership Theory 2 DESCRIPTION OF EVENTS 2.1 Lack of motivation and effective communication among employees When I joined the organization I found that all the employees preferred individuality over team work. The major problems that the firm was experiencing, was lack of motivation among its employees. They did not have any specified goal and were not given responsibilities to perform which results in a lack of initiative. Even the company policies were very rigid and for the same domains the pay structure was entirely differentiated.

Pharmacology free essay sample

Please answer the following case study questions using the knowledge gained in this course. Remember to cite your references in APA format. Answer the questions in complete sentences and spell-check your Assignment. Each question is worth 4 points. Case 1 A patient calls the physician’s office because she is concerned that her prescription medication looks different from what she normally takes. She mentions that her co-pay was lower too. 1. What are some initial questions you should ask the patient to gather information the physician might need? I would ask the patient what is the name of the drug on her medication bottle and what she was taking them for. I would also ask what color, shape, size and what is written on the pill itself. 2. Critically evaluating the situation, what are three possible explanations of the difference in appearance and cost of the medication? The medication can be a new generic name that her insurance may help cover that is more cost efficient. Diazepam and the active metabolite of clorazepate is more rapidly absorbed than other commonly used benzodiazepines. b. Clorazepate, a prodrug, is converted to its active form, desmethyldiazepam (nordiazepam), by acid hydrolysis in the stomach. 6. Explain why benzodiazepines cross biological membranes freely and distribute rapidly in various organ systems including brain and placenta. a. Most of hypnotics and sedatives are lipid soluble and thus have rapid onset of central nervous system effects. b. All sedative-hypnotics cross the placental barrier during pregnancy. Explain the mechanism of action of Flumazenil a. Competitive antagonists with high affinity for the BZ binding site b. It blocks many of the actions of benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zaleplon, and eszopiclone c. Flumazenil is approved for use in reversing the central nervous system depressant effects of benzodiazepine overdose and to hasten recovery in anesthetic and diagnostic procedures.

Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy

Introduction The following essay tries to answer the question that whether or not Economic and political liberalism can lead to democracy, but not the other way around. The essay also examines the importance of the concept of economic and political liberalism and the relationship between liberalism and democracy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However it is important to define the terms liberalism, economic liberalism, political liberalism as well as democracy so as to have an understanding of what they entails. Liberalism encompasses the concept of equal rights as well as individual liberty. Liberalism was as a result of the classical liberalism as well as the social liberalism which existed in the eighteenth century and ninetieth century respectively. Economic liberalism refers to the economic philosophy which supports the concept of private ownership of property. Political liberalism on the other hand entails the freedom that the people are given to be involved with the decisions in society and so the individuals are thus allowed to exercise their constitutional rights. Democracy refers to a concept that is applied by the government and in which case power is indirectly held by citizens usually in a free and independent electoral system. Importance of democracy and liberalism Liberal International which is a world wide alliance of liberal institutions as well as political parties was formed in 1947 and its main aim is to establish the cross-cultural connections across the globe. The federation has with time managed to ensure liberty of the individuals. For instance, the federation’s establishment of a judiciary that is independent and free, freedom of speech and association among others are some of its achievements. Liberalism has changed the political environment in that it has translated it from di ctatorship to a constitutional one. The other achievement is boosting of free markets through promotion and geographical expansion. Liberalism is also associated with globalization and many scholars believe that globalization is a by product of liberalism that was introduced in 18th century. Democracy on the other hand is being viewed by scholars around the world to be the ideal form of political governance.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This is due to the fact that the people’s rights are usually safeguards as a result of democracy. It ensures that there is peaceful coexistence among the individuals and this in turn enhances the economic development (Berman 139). Relationship between liberalism and democracy Charles Boix who was a scholar argued that economic liberalism is created with democracy and usually leads to productive processes, wealth generation and most i mportantly it enhances the propensity and well being of the society. He argues that most successful countries around the world practices democracy in their governance. These countries which practices democracy have their per capita income of over $7,000 which is in contrast with those who are governed by dictators (Boix 178). The position of liberals and democrats Liberalism is concerned with the assignment of freedom as well as maintenance of human dignity as much as possible in any social situation. Liberalism means freedom for all without any form of discrimination to individuals of any given race, color, religion group etc. Both liberty and equality complements one another and they do not conflict one another at all. One’s freedom limits the freedom of another and this implies that liberalism as a theory in political science is ideal for study. Abundance of life is only achievable where there is freedom and therefore life and freedom are reasonably inseparable. Therefore, liberalism discourages any act of violence as much as possible and it thus offers justice to the innocent. Liberals also recognizes that life and society in general are subject to changes from time to time and therefore they try to come up with new concepts regarding liberalism each and every time so as to keep in track with the changing dynamism. Though conflicts exist between liberalism on one hand and democracy on the other hand, the two are usually complementary. Democracy which is a type of government involves the majority rule. Democracy could be perceived as oppressive especially where the minority groups are oppressed by the majority where majority groups dominate.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Contradictions between Economic liberalism and democracy The concept that ‘economic and political liberalism can lead to de mocracy, but not the other way around’ is not true. Many countries around the world started practicing democracy in their governance recently after observing the United States and European nations practice it. The concept of democracy has thus led to violence and instability particularly in Middle East and the main cause of instability and violence is the fact that when democracy arises before the preconditions for economic liberalism are met, then the rule of law will be violated and hence democracy will not be attained. The political institutions that enhance democracy are deemed to be necessary before democracy can occur. Such institutions include organized parties, professional news media and the rule of law. Farid and Robert emphasizes that the economic as well political liberalism are not the main factors that must be present for democracy to exist and so, there is need to consider other factors such as electing good leaders instead of dictators(Berman 141). Problems ar e bound to arise once a country practices democracy for the first time. There are those countries which do not have history as far as liberalism is concerned and therefore, experimenting democracy implies that those leaders who get into power illegally will tend to counter democracy at the expense of their power. The leaders can thus decide to cause political tensions in an effort to resist democracy as they view democracy as a tool to deprive them the powers they have been enjoying (Zakaria 95). Many developing nations around the world such as Philipines,Venezuela,Kazakhstan among others have indeed experienced problems as a result of experiencing democracy. The citizens are the ones who are greatly affected as the leaders’ battle with the inception of democracy (Kagan 118). Zakaria in his analysis of the modernization theory held the view that those governments who are ruled by dictators are much better as compared to the ones that are governed by democracies. He also viewe d that democracy has been as a result of the industrialization and economic growth as well and the two must exist if democracy is to be attained.Advertising Looking for essay on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He argues that the period between 1950s and 1960s saw many governments faced with the problems of budgetary deficits, inflation and low economic growth when they encompassed democracy in their governance. This thus made many people to prefer for dictatorship instead of democracy following the adverse effects that were associated with democracy the progress to democracy therefore is marathon implying that the economic wealth must be present for the democracy to be attained effectively. Thus, no democracy can exist where there is no economic growth (Kagan 120). Political scientists among them Adam Prezeworski argued that economic development thrived well in those countries that have dictatorship system of government. According to him, democracy is a by-product of the economic development that is realized as a result of dictatorship. Most developing nations across the world have preferred dictatorship to democracy due to the economic success that is associated with dictatorship form of governance (Kagan 120). Zakaria used the anti-democratic views that were drawn by Huntington in late 1960’s.Huntington in his analysis held the view that order must indeed precede liberty as far as developing nations are concerned. Authoritarian countries sometimes push for the economic reforms in order to modernize their countries as Japan did in 19th century. In an attempt to modernize their countries, Huntington held the view that legitimate public order is the main concern rather than mere liberty. In this remarks, Huntington argued that developed nations such as the United States considered their governance system first before democracy and therefore the developing countries needs to follow suit if they are to be successful. A country should first pay attention to its citizens before it can decide on how it should operate. Order must therefore precede liberty and democracy (Kagan 121). Once a country adopts democracy when it is not ready for it, the democracy tends to b ecome destructive for the people. This is in contrary with the expectations because democracy is vested with the role of liberating citizens and not subjecting them to terrible situations. This problem of immature democracy has been deemed as the greatest challenge in the world and many people have opted tyranny instead (Kagan 121-122). In his narrative of the modernization paradigm, Zakaria argued that past dictatorships of some governments helped to liberalize people by improving their lives. The dictators actually came up with decisions that helped the economies to grow. The also liberalized the legal system of the economy as well as travel and worship rights. This was important because democracies would not have been possible if the dictatorships had not laid the groundwork. Dictatorship could be portrayed in the regime of some rulers in places like Taiwan and South Korea around 1950s among other places (Kagan 124). However, Zakaria view that dictatorship promotes development an d the development in turn leads to democracy were contested by Adam Prezeworski in his Harvard International Review. Adam Prezeworski argued that dictatorship and democracies do not affect the economic growth of a nation. This is due to the fact that a country may remain poor despite the type of regime it decides to adopt. He further argued that some countries like Japan and Ireland have managed to fight poverty through democracy and economic growth. Dictatorial leaders in Malaysia and Singapore have also managed to fight poverty through dictatorship in their ruling. This indicates that there may be no direct relationship between democracy and economic growth in most of the cases. Also, only a few people have ever claimed to have enjoyed liberty as a result of elections. Liberal governance therefore that is concerned with protecting the rights of individuals may not always linked with choosing leaders through democracy (Kagan 126-127). Conclusion To conclude the discussion entailing the correlation that exists between liberalism and democracy and the relationship between democracy and economic development, it is worth to note that the government responsiveness with regards to the needs of its citizens is paramount for the democracy to be attained. Citizens on the other hand must also take the initiative and formulate their preferences so that the government can have a clue on what they actually needs and thus come up with solutions (Dahl 85-86). Those countries that encompass dictatorship are deemed to do better economically as compared to those that practice democracy. According to Zakaria, liberal democracy in the world has not been achieved by many countries and he noted that nearly half of the nations are experiencing dictatorship. Autocracy on the other hand, conflicts with state building and the rule of law. Those nations that shift to practice democracy usually encounter many difficulties as far as the rule of law is concerned. Therefore, in order for c ountries top advance economically and in turn raise the living standards of their citizens, they must strengthen the rule of law. However, the progress towards strengthening rule of law is not easy or nor is it inevitable as far as democracy is concerned. Those countries that are democratizing usually struggles hard in developing the rule of law and the various aspects of democratization that exists usually contribute problems to the rule of law (Carothers 155-159). The efforts by the government of the United States should be directed towards promoting democracy in the entire world in order to ensure peaceful coexistence and economic and political stability. However, the democracy have been criticized in recent years with the negative effects of autocratic regimes that have been brought down and introduction of the electoral democratic system in Palestine, Iraq as well as Africa. The democracy has led to political tensions, massive killings. Also, democracy should thus not to be con sidered as good governance and should also be differentiated with liberalism. Works Cited Berman, Sheri. How Democracies Emerge: Lessons form Europe. Journal of  Democracy. London: Frank Cass, 2007 Boix, Carles. Democracy and redistribution. London: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Carothers, Thomas. How democracies Emerge. London: Taylor Francis, 2007 Dahl, Robert et.al.The democracy sourcebook. Massachusset: MIT Press, 2003. Kagan, Richard.Taiwans’ statesman: Lee Teng-Hui and democracy in Asia.  Pennslavania: Naval Institute Press, 2007. Zakaria, Fareed.The Rise of Illiberal Democracy. Indiana: Indiana University Press.1997 This essay on Economic and Political Liberalism and Democracy was written and submitted by user Reed N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Analysis Of “What The Sokal Hoax Ought To Teach Us”

The analysis by Paul Boghossian is about the contradictions in an article submitted by a theoretical physicist, Alan Sokal. This author first had to discover the meaning of â€Å"postmodern relativism.† According to Professor Richard Evans of Cambridge University: â€Å"postmodernism is a convenient label covering a wide variety of positions, not a unitary body of theory, and recognizes that some of these positions are mutually contradictory or antagonistic† (In Defense of History: Reply to Critics).† This was my starting point in trying to understand and comprehend what Mr. Boghossian was trying to interpret. In the writer’s opinion, Mr. Boghossian is concerned with the knowledge base of the editors that approved and submitted the article by Mr. Sokal for publication. Another concern is the submission and subsequent admission by Mr. Sokal that his essay was merely a â€Å"farrago of solecisms, howlers, and non-sequiturs† so as to look good and flatter the ideological preconceptions of the editors of Social Text.† Are scholars willing to publish an essay to which they haven’t a clue as to what the author is trying to present? Mr. Boghossian’s main concern: How does this affect the ethics of academia? Boghossian’s epistemological concerns regarding relativism are as old as science itself. The challenge from post modernity, however, is more fundamental, because it challenges not only what science does, but what science is (Broks, p 77). Boghossian is trying to expose the disruption and instability, and loss of absolutes of earlier periods by referencing the possibility of a new â€Å"liberatory mathematics† that is inadequate and not based on the absolute framework of the Zermelo-Fraenkel framework of mathematics that is taught to all school age children. Is it possible that 2+2 may someday equal 5? In the writer’s opinion, Boghossian is trying to bring the public back into the realm of science and â€Å"critical thinking† ... Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"What The Sokal Hoax Ought To Teach Us† Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"What The Sokal Hoax Ought To Teach Us† The analysis by Paul Boghossian is about the contradictions in an article submitted by a theoretical physicist, Alan Sokal. This author first had to discover the meaning of â€Å"postmodern relativism.† According to Professor Richard Evans of Cambridge University: â€Å"postmodernism is a convenient label covering a wide variety of positions, not a unitary body of theory, and recognizes that some of these positions are mutually contradictory or antagonistic† (In Defense of History: Reply to Critics).† This was my starting point in trying to understand and comprehend what Mr. Boghossian was trying to interpret. In the writer’s opinion, Mr. Boghossian is concerned with the knowledge base of the editors that approved and submitted the article by Mr. Sokal for publication. Another concern is the submission and subsequent admission by Mr. Sokal that his essay was merely a â€Å"farrago of solecisms, howlers, and non-sequiturs† so as to look good and flatter the ideological preconceptions of the editors of Social Text.† Are scholars willing to publish an essay to which they haven’t a clue as to what the author is trying to present? Mr. Boghossian’s main concern: How does this affect the ethics of academia? Boghossian’s epistemological concerns regarding relativism are as old as science itself. The challenge from post modernity, however, is more fundamental, because it challenges not only what science does, but what science is (Broks, p 77). Boghossian is trying to expose the disruption and instability, and loss of absolutes of earlier periods by referencing the possibility of a new â€Å"liberatory mathematics† that is inadequate and not based on the absolute framework of the Zermelo-Fraenkel framework of mathematics that is taught to all school age children. Is it possible that 2+2 may someday equal 5? In the writer’s opinion, Boghossian is trying to bring the public back into the realm of science and â€Å"critical thinking† ...

The importance of integrity and leadership Essay

The importance of integrity and leadership - Essay Example As employees are instrumental in driving a company’s bottom-line integrity and leadership impact organizational performance. The review also found a positive correlation between profits and focus on corporate social responsibility. As the world is still struggling to come out of the 2008 financial crisis, people have realized the need to follow strong ethical conduct in business dealings. Most of the organizations in the early 21st century started following the practice of rewarding the managers, who showed high profits, with huge bonuses and pay packets with no regard to the means they were adopting. Corruption, back stabbing and data fudging by managers were accepted as part of the game and the performance linked bonuses increased their greed at every success. This review aims to understand how ethics and leadership impact an organization. It attempts to understand how a leader can demonstrate ethical behavior and what impact it has on the overall performance of the organization? The importance of integrity and leadership has always been an important topic for study by researchers. This can be demonstrated by a number of studies that were done during the late 20th century to show the link between ethics and business performance as well as leadership integrity. Preston conducted a research on 67 companies over a period of 11 years to find out whether there was any causal relationship between financial performance and the company’s CSR policy (Corporate Social Responsibility which can be considered as a proxy to integrity) (Verschoor, 1998). He found that there was no significant negative relationship between the two. However, he found that both were positively related implying higher the CSR performance (integrity perception) higher the business performance. Other studies too found a positive relation between the two. There were some studies which found no or mixed relation

Henry Fayols Principles of Management Assignment

Henry Fayols Principles of Management - Assignment Example Equity. There should be a fair and equal treatment of all employees by the management. In an organization, the rules and regulations should apply equally to all personnel. There should not be any form of discrimination against any of the employee or to favor any of them. Authority. The managers of any organization should be in a position to give orders and ensure that all orders adhere. For instance, the instructions and rules given by the management should be adhered and respected by all employees. Discipline. Employees of an organization must respect the rules, regulations, and the laws that govern the organization. This will ensure there is clear cooperation between the management and employees. The employees must follow all the instructions, and be responsible for all the activities allocated to them. Unity of command. There should be a defined source of orders and information in an organization. The source of the orders and information should come from the highest level of management to the employees at the lowest level. Unity of direction. Any organization should have clear objectives that are to be achieved by the collective activities of all the employees in the organization. These objectives should be achievable. All the organization’s activities should be tailored towards the achievement of the objectives. Subordination of individual interest to the general interest. The objectives of the organization must supersede the objectives of each individual. All the employees in an organization should have the same objectives of achieving the overall organizational goals. Their objectives should not prevent the achievement of the organizational goals. Remuneration. All the employees in an organization must get adequate rewards for their service in the organization. The input of an employee should be equal to the outputs derived. There should be no exploitation of any  employee.